Cancer Centre for Children, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
Viruses. 2021 Oct 5;13(10):2001. doi: 10.3390/v13102001.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a human herpes virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed children. CMV primary infection causes a clinically mild disease in healthy children, usually in early childhood; the virus then utilises several mechanisms to establish host latency, which allows for periodic reactivation, particularly when the host is immunocompromised. It is this reactivation that is responsible for the significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. We review CMV infection in the primary immunodeficient host, including early identification of these infants by newborn screening to allow for CMV infection prevention strategies. Furthermore, clinical CMV is discussed in the context of children treated with secondary immunodeficiency, particularly paediatric cancer patients and children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Treatments for CMV are highlighted and include CMV immunotherapy.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是一种人类疱疹病毒，可导致免疫抑制儿童出现重大发病率和死亡率。CMV 原发性感染可导致健康儿童出现临床轻度疾病，通常在幼儿期；然后，病毒利用几种机制建立宿主潜伏，这允许定期重新激活，特别是当宿主免疫功能低下时。正是这种重新激活导致免疫抑制儿童出现重大发病率和死亡率。我们回顾了原发性免疫缺陷宿主中的 CMV 感染，包括通过新生儿筛查早期识别这些婴儿，以制定 CMV 感染预防策略。此外，还讨论了在接受继发性免疫缺陷治疗的儿童中，特别是儿科癌症患者和接受造血干细胞移植（HSCT）的儿童中出现的临床 CMV。突出强调了 CMV 的治疗方法，包括 CMV 免疫疗法。
