Sleep Disordered Breathing and Chronic Respiratory Failure Clinic, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2022;274:181-201. doi: 10.1007/164_2021_558.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by upper airway collapse during sleep. Chronic intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and inflammatory activation are the main pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA. OSA is highly prevalent in obese patients and may contribute to cardiometabolic risk by exerting detrimental effects on adipose tissue metabolism and potentiating the adipose tissue dysfunction typically found in obesity. This chapter will provide an update on: (a) the epidemiological studies linking obesity and OSA; (b) the studies exploring the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on the adipose tissue; (c) the effects of OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on metabolic derangements; and (d) current research on new anti-diabetic drugs that could be useful in the treatment of obese OSA patients.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的特征是睡眠期间上呼吸道塌陷。慢性间歇性低氧、睡眠碎片化和炎症激活是 OSA 的主要病理生理机制。OSA 在肥胖患者中很常见，它可能通过对脂肪组织代谢产生有害影响，并增强肥胖患者中常见的脂肪组织功能障碍，从而导致代谢风险。本章将提供以下方面的最新信息：（a）肥胖与 OSA 相关的流行病学研究；（b）间歇性低氧和睡眠碎片化对脂肪组织影响的研究；（c）持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗 OSA 对代谢紊乱的影响；（d）目前关于新型抗糖尿病药物的研究，这些药物可能对肥胖 OSA 患者的治疗有用。
