Neill William A, Kading Rebekah C
School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Diseases. 2021 Oct 15;9(4):73. doi: 10.3390/diseases9040073.
Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV; Order: ), is an endemic viral infection of the wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat ( aka ). Little is known about the ecology and maintenance of KKV within the bat population, nor the infection dynamics and transmission among bats or between bats and other vertebrates. Therefore, KKV was studied in Kaeng Khoi cave, Saraburi province, Thailand, during 1973-1974 with the objectives to (1) characterize the seasonal infection rates of KKV in the context of the bat population ecology, and (2) describe the infection dynamics and viral shedding by naturally- and experimentally-infected bats. To this end, the free-tailed bat population was estimated by a series of timed photographs taken during the evening exodus. The case population of 900,000 adult bats doubled at the time of weaning of the young and returned to its previous level soon thereafter. The newborn bats had neutralizing antibodies to KKV that were likely to be maternal in origin. The KKV antibody prevalence in adult bats was high (69-91%) in March-May and low (29-40%) in August and September. Kaeng Khoi virus was isolated from 75% of dead and 50% of moribund bats, but was not found in nearly 400 apparently healthy bats. Virus was present in saliva, urine and blood of most of the naturally-moribund bats tested. Consistent with observations from naturally-infected bats, experimental infection of bats with KKV revealed significant liver pathology, also suggestive that this is not a benign infection. Kaeng Khoi virus is an endemic, year-round infection maintained by the annual recruitment of a large number of immunologically-naïve juvenile bats. Moreover, it produces an acute infection in the bat, either leading to death by hepatitis, or immunity.
孔艾病毒（KKV；目： ）是皱唇游离尾蝠（又名 ）的一种地方性病毒感染。关于KKV在蝙蝠种群中的生态学和维持情况，以及蝙蝠之间或蝙蝠与其他脊椎动物之间的感染动态和传播，人们知之甚少。因此，1973年至1974年期间，在泰国沙拉武里府的孔艾洞穴对KKV进行了研究，目的是：（1）在蝙蝠种群生态学背景下描述KKV的季节性感染率，以及（2）描述自然感染和实验感染蝙蝠的感染动态和病毒排泄情况。为此，通过在傍晚蝙蝠外出时拍摄的一系列定时照片来估计游离尾蝠的数量。90万只成年蝙蝠的种群数量在幼崽断奶时翻倍，此后不久又恢复到之前的水平。新生蝙蝠具有针对KKV的中和抗体，这些抗体可能源于母体。成年蝙蝠中KKV抗体流行率在3月至5月较高（69 - 91%），在8月和9月较低（29 - 40%）。从75%的死亡蝙蝠和50%的濒死蝙蝠中分离出了孔艾病毒，但在近400只看似健康的蝙蝠中未发现该病毒。在大多数接受检测的自然濒死蝙蝠的唾液、尿液和血液中都发现了病毒。与自然感染蝙蝠的观察结果一致，用KKV对蝙蝠进行实验感染显示出明显的肝脏病变，这也表明这不是一种良性感染。孔艾病毒是一种地方性的全年感染，通过每年大量免疫未成熟的幼年蝙蝠的补充得以维持。此外，它在蝙蝠中引发急性感染，要么导致肝炎死亡，要么产生免疫力。
