Spernovasilis Nikolaos, Markaki Ioulia, Papadakis Michail, Mazonakis Nikolaos, Ierodiakonou Despo
School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
"Trifyllio" General Hospital of Kythira, 80200 Kythira, Greece.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 24;6(4):172. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040172.
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is an emerging tick-borne rickettsiosis of the spotted fever group (SFG), endemic in the Mediterranean basin. By virtue of technological innovations in molecular genetics, it has been determined that the causative agent of MSF is subspecies . The arthropod vector of this bacterium is the brown dog tick . The true nature of the reservoir of has not been completely deciphered yet, although many authors theorize that the canine population, other mammals, and the ticks themselves could potentially contribute as reservoirs. Typical symptoms of MSF include fever, maculopapular rash, and a characteristic eschar ("tache noire"). Atypical clinical features and severe multi-organ complications may also be present. All of these manifestations arise from the disseminated infection of the endothelium by . Several methods exist for the diagnosis of MSF. Serological tests are widely used and molecular techniques have become increasingly available. Doxycycline remains the treatment of choice, while preventive measures are focused on modification of human behavior and vector control strategies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MSF.
地中海斑疹热（MSF）是一种新出现的蜱传斑点热群立克次体病，在地中海盆地流行。借助分子遗传学的技术创新，已确定MSF的病原体是亚种。这种细菌的节肢动物传播媒介是褐犬蜱。尽管许多作者推测犬类种群、其他哺乳动物以及蜱本身可能是潜在的储存宿主，但 的储存宿主的真实性质尚未完全弄清楚。MSF的典型症状包括发热、斑丘疹和特征性焦痂（“黑色斑点”）。也可能出现非典型临床特征和严重的多器官并发症。所有这些表现都源于 对内皮细胞的播散性感染。有几种方法可用于诊断MSF。血清学检测被广泛使用，分子技术也越来越普及。多西环素仍然是首选治疗药物，而预防措施则侧重于改变人类行为和病媒控制策略。本综述的目的是总结目前关于MSF的流行病学、发病机制、临床特征、诊断和治疗的知识。
