Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol for Treating Superficial Venous Malformation.

This study aims to describe the angiographic imaging characteristics of superficial venous malformations and evaluate the treatment effectiveness of digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol. : This prospective study was conducted in 18 patients with venous malformation treated by DSA-guided sclerotherapy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on pain improvement and reduction in lesion size on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6-months posttreatment. A total 21 lesions and 46 sclerotherapy sessions were analyzed. MRI findings presented 8/21 lesions (38.1%) with excellent response, 9/21 (42.9%) with good response, and 3/21 (14.3%) with average response, while one patient (4.8%) showed no response. All patients experienced pain. A significant reduction (p<0.01) was observed in the pre- to posttreatment pain score (5.45 and 0.64, respectively). Over a follow-up period of 1-4 years, three out of four patients (75%) in the retrospective cohort experienced recurrence; one patient had an increased lesion size and pain score, while the other two patients only showed an increased lesion size. No severe complications were seen. DSA-guided sclerotherapy with polidocanol is a safe and effective procedure for reducing lesion size and pain in symptomatic patients with superficial venous malformations.