Ayala Guadalupe X, Monge-Rojas Rafael, King Abby C, Hunter Ruth, Berge Jerica M
School of Public Health, San Diego State University, the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, and the SDSU HealthLINK Center, San Diego, California, EE. UU.
Unidad de Salud y Nutrición, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica.
Obes Rev. 2021 Oct;22 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):e13350. doi: 10.1111/obr.13350.
The environments of children influence their risk for childhood obesity through, among other factors, a child's weight-related behaviors (i.e., diet and physical activity). In this article, we present evidence on social environmental factors associated with a child's diet and physical activity, and more generally, the prevention and control of childhood obesity among Hispanic/Latinx children in the United States and children from countries in Latin America. Using a socio-ecologic lens, we present evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in the United States involving Hispanic/Latinx children, and evidence from studies involving children in Latin America. Studies examining parenting factors in the home environment (e.g., parenting strategies) are especially emphasized, with more limited evidence on social environmental factors in other lived contexts (e.g., school). The influence of acculturation on social relationships cuts across levels of the socio-ecological framework. Intervention research identified strategies and research gaps for intervening on social factors to promote healthy behaviors and reduce risk for childhood obesity. Community health workers and others forms of peer support were identified as relevant approaches at multiple levels of the socio-ecological framework. This article concludes with directions for future research to further understand the environment using newer information and communication technologies.
儿童所处的环境会通过多种因素，包括儿童与体重相关的行为（即饮食和体育活动），影响其患儿童肥胖症的风险。在本文中，我们展示了与儿童饮食和体育活动相关的社会环境因素的证据，更广泛地说，是关于美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童以及拉丁美洲国家儿童肥胖症预防和控制的证据。我们从社会生态学角度出发，展示了在美国针对西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童进行的横断面研究和纵向研究的证据，以及涉及拉丁美洲儿童的研究证据。特别强调了考察家庭环境中育儿因素（如育儿策略）的研究，而关于其他生活环境（如学校）中社会环境因素的证据则较为有限。文化适应对社会关系的影响贯穿社会生态框架的各个层面。干预研究确定了针对社会因素进行干预以促进健康行为和降低儿童肥胖风险的策略及研究差距。社区卫生工作者和其他形式的同伴支持被确定为社会生态框架多个层面的相关方法。本文最后指出了未来研究的方向，即利用更新的信息和通信技术进一步了解环境。
