Faculty of Physical Education, International Budo University, Katsuura, Japan.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Sports Biomech. 2023 Dec;22(12):1752-1763. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1995477. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
This study aimed to clarify the kinematic and kinetic parameters that identify the technical differences in the eggbeater kick. Twelve water polo players performed the eggbeater kick, and its kinematics were recorded by a motion capture system. Pressure distributions around the feet were measured by sixteen pressure sensors attached to the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the feet, from which the resultant fluid force acting on the feet and the vertical component of the force (i.e., propulsive force) were estimated. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (including post hoc test) results showed that the pressure difference, due to negative pressure on the dorsal side of the foot, around the first toe was significantly larger than the other foot segments (difference of up to 7 kN/m, < 0.01). Moreover, cluster analysis (including Fisher information) results showed that the kinetic (fluid force and pressure) data had a major influence on clustering; the highest Fisher information was 10.42 for the mean propulsive force. Among the kinematic foot parameters, the influence of the foot angle data on clustering was large, suggesting its importance as a technical parameter of the eggbeater kick in relation to the kinetic data.
本研究旨在阐明区分打蛋器踢技术差异的运动学和动力学参数。12 名水球运动员进行了打蛋器踢，其运动学通过运动捕捉系统进行记录。通过在脚部的背侧和足底表面附着的 16 个压力传感器来测量脚部周围的压力分布，由此估计作用在脚部上的合力和力的垂直分量（即推进力）。重复测量方差分析（包括事后检验）的结果表明，由于脚部背侧的负压，第一脚趾周围的压力差明显大于其他脚部段（最大差值为 7 kN/m， < 0.01）。此外，聚类分析（包括 Fisher 信息）的结果表明，动力学（流体力和压力）数据对聚类有重大影响；最大的 Fisher 信息为 10.42，用于平均推进力。在脚部运动学参数中，脚部角度数据对聚类的影响较大，这表明它作为与动力学数据相关的打蛋器踢技术参数的重要性。
