Zinner Christoph, Sperlich Billy, Krueger Malte, Focke Tim, Reed Jennifer, Mester Joachim
Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf, Cologne, Germany. ; Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Judenbühlweg, Würzburg, Germany.
Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Judenbühlweg, Würzburg, Germany.
J Hum Kinet. 2015 Apr 7;45:149-56. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0015. eCollection 2015 Mar 29.
The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to assess the eggbeater kick and throwing performance using a number of water polo specific tests, 2) to explore the relation between the eggbeater kick and throwing performance, and 3) to investigate the relation between the eggbeater kick in the water and strength tests performed in a controlled laboratory setting in elite water polo players. Fifteen male water polo players of the German National Team completed dynamic and isometric strength tests for muscle groups (adductor, abductor, abdominal, pectoralis) frequently used during water polo. After these laboratory strength tests, six water polo specific in-water tests were conducted. The eggbeater kick assessed leg endurance and agility, maximal throwing velocity and jump height. A 400 m test and a sprint test examined aerobic and anaerobic performance. The strongest correlation was found between jump height and arm length (p < 0.001, r = 0.89). The laboratory diagnostics of important muscles showed positive correlations with the results of the in-water tests (p < 0.05, r = 0.52-0.70). Muscular strength of the adductor, abdominal and pectoralis muscles was positively related to in-water endurance agility as assessed by the eggbeater kick (p < 0.05; r = 0.53-0.66). Findings from the current study emphasize the need to assess indices of water polo performance both in and out of the water as well as the relation among these parameters to best assess the complex profile of water polo players.
1）使用多项水球特定测试评估打蛋器踢腿和投掷表现；2）探究打蛋器踢腿与投掷表现之间的关系；3）调查精英水球运动员在水中的打蛋器踢腿与在受控实验室环境中进行的力量测试之间的关系。德国国家队的15名男性水球运动员完成了对水球运动中常用肌肉群（内收肌、外展肌、腹肌、胸肌）的动态和等长力量测试。在这些实验室力量测试之后，进行了六项水球特定的水中测试。打蛋器踢腿评估腿部耐力和敏捷性、最大投掷速度和跳跃高度。400米测试和短跑测试考察有氧和无氧表现。发现跳跃高度与臂长之间的相关性最强（p < 0.001，r = 0.89）。重要肌肉的实验室诊断结果与水中测试结果呈正相关（p < 0.05，r = 0.52 - 0.70）。内收肌、腹肌和胸肌的肌肉力量与通过打蛋器踢腿评估的水中耐力敏捷性呈正相关（p < 0.05；r = 0.53 - 0.66）。本研究的结果强调需要评估水球运动员在水中和水外的表现指标以及这些参数之间的关系，以便最好地评估水球运动员的综合特征。
