Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Nov 2;118(44). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2114242118.
Immune priming in is mediated by the systemic release of a hemocyte differentiation factor (HDF), a complex of lipoxin A bound to Evokin, a lipid carrier. HDF increases the proportion of circulating granulocytes and enhances mosquito cellular immunity. Here, we show that Evokin is present in hemocytes and fat-body cells, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression increases significantly after immune priming. The double peroxidase (DBLOX) enzyme, present in insects but not in vertebrates, is essential for HDF synthesis. DBLOX is highly expressed in oenocytes in the fat-body tissue, and these cells increase in number in primed mosquitoes. We provide direct evidence that the histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 (AGAP001539) is also essential for a sustained increase in oenocyte numbers, HDF synthesis, and immune priming. We propose that oenocytes may function as a population of cells that are reprogrammed, and orchestrate and maintain a broad, systemic, and long-lasting state of enhanced immune surveillance in primed mosquitoes.
免疫启动是通过血细胞分化因子 (HDF) 的全身释放来介导的，HDF 是一种与 Evokin 结合的脂氧素 A 复合物，Evokin 是一种脂质载体。HDF 增加循环粒细胞的比例，并增强蚊子的细胞免疫。在这里，我们表明 Evokin 存在于血细胞和脂肪体细胞中，并且在免疫启动后 mRNA 表达显著增加。双过氧化物酶 (DBLOX) 酶存在于昆虫中而不存在于脊椎动物中，是 HDF 合成所必需的。DBLOX 在脂肪组织中的性腺细胞中高度表达，并且在免疫启动的蚊子中这些细胞数量增加。我们提供了直接证据表明组蛋白乙酰转移酶 AgTip60 (AGAP001539) 对于持续增加性腺细胞数量、HDF 合成和免疫启动也是必需的。我们提出，性腺细胞可能作为细胞群发挥作用，重新编程并协调和维持被激活的蚊子中广泛、系统和持久的增强免疫监视状态。
