From the College of Medicine.
Division of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina.
Ann Plast Surg. 2022 Apr 1;88(4):451-459. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003041.
The purposes of this study were to compare applicant statistics to resident physician demographics among several surgical subspecialties (SSSs), to identify trends of gender and underrepresented minorities in medicine (UIM), and to evaluate current diversity among these specialties.
Graduate medical education reports from 2009 to 2019 were queried to determine trends among programs. Further identification of gender and UIM statistics was obtained in 4 several SSSs: integrated plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery (OS), otolaryngology surgery (ENT), and neurosurgery (NS). These were compared with Association of American Medical Colleges data of residency applicants for the respective years.
Significant differences were seen among gender and UIM(s) of the applicant pool when compared with resident data. All specialties had significantly fewer American Indian and African American residents compared with applicants. Significant differences between applicants and residents were also found among Hispanic, Native Hawaiian, and female demographics. All SSSs had a significant positive trend for the percentage of female residents. Significant differences between specialties were identified among African American, Hispanic, and female residents. Orthopedic surgery and NS had significantly higher percentage of African American residents compared with ENT and integrated plastic surgery. Neurosurgery had significantly higher percentage of Hispanic residents compared with OS and ENT. Integrated plastic surgery and ENT had significantly higher percentage of female residents compared with OS and NS.
There has been significant increase in number of residency programs and resident positions since 2009. However, increase in female residents and UIM(s) among SSSs has not matched the pace of growth.
本研究旨在比较几个外科专业（SSS）的申请人统计数据与住院医师人口统计学数据，确定医学领域中性别和代表性不足的少数族裔（UIM）的趋势，并评估这些专业的当前多样性。
从 2009 年至 2019 年查询研究生医学教育报告，以确定各专业的趋势。进一步在四个 SSS 中获得性别和 UIM 统计数据：综合整形手术、骨科手术（OS）、耳鼻喉科手术（ENT）和神经外科（NS）。这些数据与相应年份的美国医学协会住院医师申请人数据进行了比较。
与住院医师数据相比，申请人群体中的性别和 UIM 存在显著差异。与申请人相比，所有专业的住院医师中美洲印第安人和非裔美国人明显较少。在西班牙裔、夏威夷原住民和女性人口统计学方面，申请人与住院医师之间也存在显著差异。所有 SSS 的女性住院医师比例都呈显著正增长趋势。在非裔美国、西班牙裔和女性住院医师方面，不同专业之间存在显著差异。与 ENT 和综合整形手术相比，骨科手术和 NS 有更高比例的非裔美国住院医师。与 OS 和 ENT 相比，神经外科有更高比例的西班牙裔住院医师。与 OS 和 NS 相比，综合整形手术和 ENT 有更高比例的女性住院医师。
自 2009 年以来，住院医师计划和住院医师职位的数量显著增加。然而，SSS 中的女性住院医师和 UIM 数量的增长速度并未跟上。
