Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
MDRC, New York, New York, USA.
World Neurosurg. 2021 Jun;150:e305-e315. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.127. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
To assess trends in gender, racial, and ethnic diversity of applicant pools and subsequent resident cohorts in neurosurgical residency programs in the United States.
Applicant and residency data from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed from the Electronic Residency Application Service, Journal of the American Medical Association, and National Resident Matching Program to evaluate trends in diversity.
There was no statistically significant difference between applicant sex from 2009 to 2013 compared with 2014 to 2018 (P > 0.05). From 2009 to 2018, the percentage of female residents saw a statistically significant increase from 12.9% to 17.5% but remained less reflective of women's representativeness in the United States (50.8%). The percentage of Black and Hispanic applicants decreased across the observed period (4% and 1%, respectively). While Black people represented 5.2% of the resident pool in 2009, this decreased to 4.95% by 2018. Hispanic residents saw a <2% net increase (5.5% to 7.2%) in resident representation but still fell behind when compared with census statistics. The application pool did not see a significant change in the percentage of White and Asian applicants; however, the percentage of residents did decrease slightly over the observed decade.
Current efforts to improve racial and ethnic diversity have not been sufficient in generating parity in the recruitment and retention of racially underrepresented groups in neurosurgery. Although the presence of women in applicant and resident pools has increased, not much is known about the impact on women who also identify within racially underrepresented groups. More proactive measures for recruitment and retention are needed to reach equity in the future neurosurgical workforce.
评估美国神经外科学住院医师项目申请人群体和随后的住院医师群体中性别、种族和民族多样性的趋势。
从电子住院医师申请服务、《美国医学会杂志》和全国住院医师匹配计划中分析了 2009 年至 2018 年的申请人和住院医师数据，以评估多样性趋势。
与 2014 年至 2018 年相比，2009 年至 2013 年申请人的性别没有统计学上的显著差异（P>0.05）。从 2009 年到 2018 年，女性住院医师的比例从 12.9%显著增加到 17.5%，但仍不能反映美国女性的代表性（50.8%）。黑人和西班牙裔申请人的比例在整个观察期间下降（分别为 4%和 1%）。虽然黑人在 2009 年占住院医师人数的 5.2%，但到 2018 年这一比例下降到 4.95%。西班牙裔居民的住院医师代表人数略有增加（从 5.5%增加到 7.2%），但与人口普查统计数据相比仍落后。申请人群体中白人和亚裔申请人的比例没有显著变化；然而，在观察的十年中，居民的比例略有下降。
目前为改善种族和民族多样性所做的努力，在招募和留住神经外科中代表性不足的少数族裔群体方面还不够充分。尽管女性在申请人和住院医师群体中的比例有所增加，但对于那些也属于代表性不足的少数族裔群体的女性，其影响还不太清楚。为了在未来的神经外科劳动力中实现公平，需要采取更积极的招聘和留用措施。
