Yang Lingkai, Huang Xin, Guo Haoyu, Wang Lutong, Yang Wenbo, Wu Wei, Jing Doudou, Shao Zengwu
Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Oct 12;9:737314. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737314. eCollection 2021.
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor affecting both adolescents and children. Although localized osteosarcoma has an overall survival of >70% in the clinic, metastatic, refractory, and recurrent osteosarcoma have poorer survival rates. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells and originally thought to be a way for cells to discard unwanted products. Currently, exosomes have been reported to be involved in intercellular cross-talk and induce changes in cellular behavior by transferring cargoes (proteins, DNA, RNA, and lipids) between cells. Exosomes regulate osteosarcoma progression, and processes such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Increasing evidences shows that exosomes have significant potential in promoting osteosarcoma progression and development. In this review, we describe the current research status of exosomes in osteosarcoma, focusing on the biological functions of osteosarcoma exosomes as well as their application in osteosarcoma as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
骨肉瘤是影响青少年和儿童的最常见骨肿瘤。尽管局限性骨肉瘤在临床上的总生存率>70%，但转移性、难治性和复发性骨肉瘤的生存率较低。外泌体是细胞释放的细胞外囊泡，最初被认为是细胞丢弃不需要产物的一种方式。目前，据报道外泌体参与细胞间通讯，并通过在细胞间传递货物（蛋白质、DNA、RNA和脂质）诱导细胞行为改变。外泌体调节骨肉瘤的进展以及肿瘤发生、增殖、转移、血管生成、免疫逃逸和耐药性等过程。越来越多的证据表明，外泌体在促进骨肉瘤进展和发展方面具有巨大潜力。在本综述中，我们描述了外泌体在骨肉瘤中的当前研究现状，重点关注骨肉瘤外泌体的生物学功能及其在骨肉瘤中作为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的应用。
