Ecology, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 7, 40-006, Katowice, Poland.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 Sep;200(9):4175-4185. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02989-4. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
This study was conducted in order to characterise the accumulation ability of Vaccinium myrtillus L for trace elements such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn and selected macroelements Ca, K, Mg, Na and P. The accumulation of nutrient elements and trace elements (ANE and ATE) and changes in the ecophysiological responses in bilberry in differently polluted areas were compared. The accumulation of the elements in the roots, stems and leaves of bilberry from four sites (in the nearest vicinity of a zinc smelter, a Mining and Metallurgical Plant, a main road with a high traffic volume and an unprotected natural forest community) were measured using optical emission spectrometry with excitation using inductively coupled argon plasma after wet acid digestion. The highest Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were found in the V. myrtillus samples that were growing under the influence of the emissions from the zinc smelter. Moreover, the level of the total accumulated trace metals (ATE-17.09 mmol kg) was also highest for the bilberry at this site. However, in the same area, the sum of the accumulated macronutrients (ANE-296.92 mmol kg) was lower than at the other sampling sites. An EF > 2 was found for Cd, Pb, Zn and Mn, which suggests that bilberries may be enriched in these metals. According to the translocation factor, V. myrtillus was an accumulator of Cd, Zn and Mn. An analysis of the ecophysiological responses showed that the greatest concentration of ascorbic acid was found in the leaves of V. myrtillus at the most contaminated site (3.32 mg g fresh weight). There were no significant differences in the total phenols between the contaminated and non-contaminated sites. However, the lowest value of the total phenolic content (490.77 mg g dry weight) was recorded at the site where the highest Fe concentration was detected in the leaves. A significantly positive correlation between the Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations and a strong negative correlation between the Mn concentration and ascorbic acid content in the leaves of bilberry was also observed. The results provide evidence that the ANE method, which is used to interpret the chemical composition of bilberry has made determining the impact of toxic trace metals on the mineral composition of V. myrtillus significantly easier and also that a non-enzymatic antioxidant such as ascorbic acid can be a good biomarker for determining the oxidative stress that is caused by toxic trace metals.
本研究旨在描述越桔对微量元素（如 Al、Cd、Cu、Fe、Mn、Pb 和 Zn）和选定常量元素（Ca、K、Mg、Na 和 P）的积累能力。比较了不同污染地区越桔中营养元素和微量元素（ANE 和 ATE）的积累以及生态生理响应的变化。使用光学发射光谱法，通过湿酸消解后用感应耦合氩等离子体激发，测量来自四个地点（锌冶炼厂附近、采矿和冶金厂、交通量较大的主要道路和未受保护的天然森林群落）的越桔的根、茎和叶中的元素积累。在锌冶炼厂排放物影响下生长的越桔样品中，Cd、Cu、Pb 和 Zn 的浓度最高。此外，该地点越桔积累的痕量金属总量（ATE-17.09 mmol kg）也最高。然而，在同一地区，积累的大量营养素总和（ANE-296.92 mmol kg）低于其他采样地点。EF>2 表明 Cd、Pb、Zn 和 Mn 可能使越桔富化。根据迁移因子，越桔是 Cd、Zn 和 Mn 的积累者。生态生理响应分析表明，受污染程度最高的地点（3.32 mg g 鲜重）越桔叶片中的抗坏血酸浓度最高。污染和未污染地点之间的总酚含量没有显著差异。然而，在叶片中检测到最高 Fe 浓度的地点，总酚含量最低（490.77 mg g 干重）。还观察到越桔叶片中 Cd、Pb 和 Zn 浓度与 Mn 浓度之间呈显著正相关，与抗坏血酸含量之间呈强烈负相关。结果表明，用于解释越桔化学成分的 ANE 方法使得确定有毒痕量金属对越桔矿物质组成的影响变得更加容易，并且非酶抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸可以作为确定有毒痕量金属引起的氧化应激的良好生物标志物。
