Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Int J Parasitol. 2021 Dec;51(13-14):1099-1119. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.08.007. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia are significant causes of diarrhoea worldwide and are responsible for numerous waterborne and foodborne outbreaks of diseases. Over the last 50 years, the development of improved detection and typing tools has facilitated the expanding range of named species. Currently at least 44 Cryptosporidium spp. and >120 genotypes, and nine Giardia spp., are recognised. Many of these Cryptosporidium genotypes will likely be described as species in the future. The phylogenetic placement of Cryptosporidium at the genus level is still unclear and further research is required to better understand its evolutionary origins. Zoonotic transmission has long been known to play an important role in the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, and the development and application of next generation sequencing tools is providing evidence for this. Comparative whole genome sequencing is also providing key information on the genetic mechanisms for host specificity and human infectivity, and will enable One Health management of these zoonotic parasites in the future.
原虫寄生虫隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫是全球范围内引起腹泻的重要原因，也是许多水源性和食源性疾病爆发的罪魁祸首。在过去的 50 年中，改进的检测和分型工具的发展促进了命名物种范围的扩大。目前，至少有 44 种隐孢子虫和>120 种基因型，以及 9 种贾第鞭毛虫被确认。未来，其中许多隐孢子虫基因型可能会被描述为新物种。隐孢子虫在属水平上的系统发育位置仍不清楚，需要进一步研究以更好地了解其进化起源。众所周知，动物源性传播在隐孢子虫病和贾第鞭毛虫病的流行病学中起着重要作用，下一代测序工具的发展和应用为此提供了证据。比较全基因组测序还为宿主特异性和人类感染性的遗传机制提供了关键信息，并将使这些动物源性寄生虫能够在未来实现“同一健康”管理。
