School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Feb 1;298(Pt A):217-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.070. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
Depression is a common mental disorder associated with sleep problems and the circadian clock genes may underlie the relationship between the two in clinical samples. However, little is known about whether poor sleep quality is associated with depressive symptom in healthy individuals and whether is mediated by specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Using a cross-sectional design, 444 university staff members were randomly recruited in Beijing. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality, the Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) to measure depressive symptom, and the Work Stress Scale to measure job stress. The CLOCK gene rs12649507 polymorphism was genotyped in 289 blood samples.
There were positive inter-correlations between job stress, PSQI and SDS (almost ps < 0.05). GG homozygotes of the SNP had higher PSQI and its sleep duration and daytime dysfunction scores than AA homozygotes (all Bonferroni corrected ps0.05). The SNP had no main effect on the SDS and did not interact with job stress to affect SDS, PSQI and its dimensions (all ps > 0.05). Interestingly, after controlling for job stress and covariates, the significant effect size of the SNP on the SDS mediated by the PSQI was 0.68 (95% CI [0.24, 1.35]).
Some limitations included single professional background, cross-sectional study design, small sample size and potential confounding factors, which could be amended by future research.
Non-clinical Chinese carrying CLOCK gene rs12649507 G-allele may lead to poor sleep quality and further depression symptoms.
抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍，与睡眠问题有关，而生物钟基因可能是临床样本中两者关系的基础。然而，目前尚不清楚睡眠质量差是否与健康个体的抑郁症状有关，以及是否由特定的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）介导。
采用横断面设计，在北京随机招募了 444 名大学教职工。我们使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）来衡量睡眠质量，用zung 氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）来衡量抑郁症状，用工作压力量表来衡量工作压力。在 289 份血样中对 CLOCK 基因 rs12649507 多态性进行了基因分型。
工作压力、PSQI 和 SDS 之间存在正相关（几乎所有 p 值均<0.05）。该 SNP 的 GG 纯合子比 AA 纯合子的 PSQI 及其睡眠时间和日间功能障碍评分更高（经 Bonferroni 校正后，所有 p 值均<0.05）。该 SNP 对 SDS 没有主要影响，也没有与工作压力相互作用影响 SDS、PSQI 及其维度（所有 p 值均>0.05）。有趣的是，在控制了工作压力和协变量后，该 SNP 通过 PSQI 对 SDS 的显著影响效应量为 0.68（95%CI[0.24,1.35]）。
本研究存在一些局限性，包括单一的专业背景、横断面研究设计、样本量小以及潜在的混杂因素，这些局限性可以在未来的研究中得到纠正。
非临床的中国人群携带 CLOCK 基因 rs12649507 G 等位基因可能导致睡眠质量差，并进一步导致抑郁症状。
