Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 3):151264. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151264. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
PFAS mixtures in the environment are common and identifying PFAS constituents, bioaccumulation, and biological impacts of mixtures remains a challenge. Here, an omics-based ecosurveillance approach was taken to investigate the impacts of PFAS pollution in freshwater turtles (Emydura macquariimacquarii). Four turtles were collected from an impacted waterway downstream from an industrial source of PFAS contamination in Queensland, Australia and analysed for 49 different PFAS. One turtle was collected from a suitable control site. PFAS concentrations were quantified in turtle serum using an established targeted methodology. The serum PFAS concentration was ten-fold greater at the impacted site (Σ49 PFAS 1933 ± 481 ng/mL) relative to the control sample (Σ49 PFAS 140 ng/mL). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 889 ± 56 ng/mL) was 235 times higher in turtle serum than in the water that they were collected from (ΣPFAS 32.0 μg/L). Perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA; 403 ± 83 ng/mL) and perfluorohexane sulfonamide (FHxSA; 550 ± 330 ng/mL) were also reported at substantial concentrations in the serum of impacted turtles. Biochemical profiles were analysed using a mixture of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole (QqQ) and quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometry methodologies. These profiles demonstrated a positive correlation in the impacted turtles exposed to elevated PFAS with an enhanced purine metabolism, glycerophosphocholines and an innate immune response, which suggest an inflammation response, metabolic preservation and re-routing of central carbon metabolites. Conversely, lipid transport and binding activity were negatively correlated. Using these preliminary data, we were able to demonstrate the negative metabolic impact from PFAS mixtures on turtle metabolic health. With further research on a larger turtle cohort, omics-based data will contribute towards linking adverse outcome pathways for turtle populations exposed to PFAS mixtures. Moreover, expanding the use of ecosurveillance tools will inform mechanistic toxicological data for risk assessment and regulatory applications.
环境中的 PFAS 混合物很常见，识别 PFAS 成分、生物蓄积和混合物的生物影响仍然是一个挑战。在这里，采用基于组学的生态监测方法来研究澳大利亚昆士兰州 PFAS 污染对淡水龟（Emydura macquariimacquarii）的影响。从受 PFAS 污染的工业污染源下游的受影响水道中收集了四只龟，并对它们进行了 49 种不同的 PFAS 分析。一只龟从合适的对照点收集。使用已建立的靶向方法定量测定龟血清中的 PFAS 浓度。受影响地点的血清 PFAS 浓度比对照样品高出十倍（Σ49 PFAS 1933 ± 481 ng/mL）相对于控制样品（Σ49 PFAS 140 ng/mL）。血清中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS；889 ± 56 ng/mL）比它们从水中采集的浓度高 235 倍（ΣPFAS 32.0 μg/L）。血清中还报告了大量的全氟丁烷磺酰胺（FBSA；403 ± 83 ng/mL）和全氟己烷磺酰胺（FHxSA；550 ± 330 ng/mL）。使用液相色谱三重四极杆（QqQ）和四极杆飞行时间（QToF）质谱联用方法分析了生化谱。这些谱图表明，暴露于高浓度 PFAS 的受影响海龟的生化谱呈正相关，嘌呤代谢、甘油磷酸胆碱和固有免疫反应增强，这表明存在炎症反应、代谢保护和中央碳代谢物的重新布线。相反，脂质转运和结合活性呈负相关。利用这些初步数据，我们能够证明 PFAS 混合物对龟代谢健康的负面影响。通过对更大的龟队列进行进一步研究，基于组学的数据将有助于将 PFAS 混合物暴露的龟种群的不良结果途径联系起来。此外，扩大生态监测工具的使用将为风险评估和监管应用提供机制毒理学数据。
