Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jun 15;55(12):8139-8148. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00522. Epub 2021 May 24.
Understanding how exposure to aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted drinking water translates to bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is essential to assess health risks. To investigate spatial variability of PFAS exposure in communities near an AFFF source zone, blood serum was collected in 2018 from 220 adult residents of El Paso County (Colorado), as were raw water samples from several wells. C6 and C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) were predominant in serum and water. PFASs were most elevated in the water district nearest the source zone (median ∑PFSA of 618 ng/L in water and 33 ng/mL in serum). A novel PFAS, unsaturated perfluorooctane sulfonate, was detected in >80% of water and serum samples at low concentrations (≤1.9 ng/mL in serum). Drinking water wells nearest the source zone displayed increased prevalence of perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide precursors not detected in serum. Serum-to-water ratios were the greatest for long-chain PFASs and were elevated in the least impacted water district. Additional serum samples collected from a subset of study participants in June 2019 showed that PFAS concentrations in serum declined after exposure ceased, although declines for perfluoropentane sulfonate were minimal. Our findings demonstrate that AFFF-impacted communities are exposed to complex, spatially variable mixtures of PFASs.
了解接触受水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）影响的饮用水如何导致全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的生物蓄积，对于评估健康风险至关重要。为了调查 AFFF 源区附近社区中 PFAS 暴露的空间变异性，2018 年从科罗拉多州埃尔帕索县的 220 名成年居民采集了血清样本，并从多个水井采集了原水样本。血清和水中主要存在 C6 和 C8 全氟烷基磺酸盐（PFSAs）。离源区最近的水区（水中∑PFSA 的中位数为 618ng/L，血清中为 33ng/mL）的 PFAS 含量最高。在水中和血清样本中检测到一种新型 PFAS，即不饱和全氟辛烷磺酸，浓度较低（血清中≤1.9ng/mL），在超过 80%的水样和血清样本中均有检出。离源区最近的饮用水井显示出更多未在血清中检测到的全氟烷基磺酰胺前体的存在。长链 PFAS 的血清-水比值最大，且在受影响最小的水区中比值升高。2019 年 6 月从研究参与者的一部分采集的额外血清样本显示，在暴露停止后，血清中的 PFAS 浓度下降，尽管全氟戊烷磺酸的下降幅度很小。我们的研究结果表明，受 AFFF 影响的社区暴露于复杂的、空间变化的 PFAS 混合物中。
