Yao Yiyuan, Wang Chaohai, Na Jongbeom, Hossain Mohammed Shahriar A, Yan Xin, Zhang Hao, Amin Mohammed A, Qi Junwen, Yamauchi Yusuke, Li Jiansheng
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Small. 2022 Feb;18(8):e2104387. doi: 10.1002/smll.202104387. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential applications in removing pollutants such as heavy metals, oils, and toxins from water. However, due to the intrinsic fragility of MOFs and their fine powder form, there are still technical barriers to their practical application such as blockage of pipes, difficulty in recovery, and potential environmental toxicity. Therefore, attention has focused on approaches to convert nanocrystalline MOFs into macroscopic materials to overcome these limitations. Recently, strategies for shaping MOFs into beads (0D), nanofibers (1D), membranes (2D), and gels/sponges (3D) with macrostructures are developed including direct mixing, in situ growth, or deposition of MOFs with polymers, cotton, foams or other porous substrates. In this review, successful strategies for the fabrication of macroscopic materials from MOFs and their applications in removing pollutants from water including adsorption, separation, and advanced oxidation processes, are discussed. The relationship between the macroscopic performance and the microstructure of materials, and how the range of 0D to 3D macroscopic materials can be used for water treatment are also outlined.
金属有机框架材料（MOFs）在去除水中重金属、油类和毒素等污染物方面具有潜在应用。然而，由于MOFs固有的脆性及其细粉形态，其实际应用仍存在技术障碍，如管道堵塞、回收困难以及潜在的环境毒性。因此，人们将注意力集中在将纳米晶MOFs转化为宏观材料以克服这些限制的方法上。最近，已开发出将MOFs与聚合物、棉花、泡沫或其他多孔基材通过直接混合、原位生长或沉积等方式制成具有宏观结构的珠子（0D）、纳米纤维（1D）、膜（2D）和凝胶/海绵（3D）的策略。在这篇综述中，讨论了由MOFs制备宏观材料的成功策略及其在去除水中污染物方面的应用，包括吸附、分离和高级氧化过程。还概述了材料宏观性能与微观结构之间的关系，以及如何将0D到3D宏观材料用于水处理。
