Demonty Isabelle, Wang Kuan Chiao, Rondeau Isabelle, Martineau Chantal, Manley Lindsay, Daoust Janice, Hopperton Kathryn
Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
Bureau of Data, Science and Knowledge Integration, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Dec 30;64(1):59. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03569-7.
Canada's public health objective is that ≥ 90% of the population consume <1% of total energy (< 1%En) as trans fatty acids (TFA), in line with World Health Organization recommendations. Our study aimed to estimate usual intakes of total TFA, industrially-produced TFA (i-TFA), and naturally occurring TFA (n-TFA) overall and in subgroups of the population before Canada's 2018 prohibition on the use of partially hydrogenated oils (PHO) in foods.
Data from 1-2 24-h recalls was available for 19,670 participants in the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition 2015. Usual intakes of total TFA, i-TFA, n-TFA, and mixed TFA (TFA from foods containing both i-TFA and n-TFA) from all foods and beverages were generated according to the National Cancer Institute method, and weighted to represent the population of Canada aged ≥ 1 and within age, sex, income, and self-reported racial groups.
For the overall population, the mean usual intake of total TFA was 1.2 g/day (SE:0.02) and represented 0.57%En (SE:0.001). All age-sex groups had mean total TFA intakes <1%En, ranging from 0.52 to 0.71%En. On average, foods containing only n-TFA provided >1/2 of total TFA intake (0.32%En, SE:0.01). The target of ≥ 90% of the population consuming <1%En as TFA had already been achieved before the PHO prohibition in all income, racial, and age-sex groups, except children 1-3 years old, with 86% within target. In that group, foods containing only n-TFA provided >2/3 of total TFA intake (0.48%En, SE:0.02).
Total TFA intakes in Canada before the PHO prohibition were relatively low, likely due to previous initiatives to reduce i-TFA in foods.
加拿大的公共卫生目标是，按照世界卫生组织的建议，≥90%的人口摄入的反式脂肪酸（TFA）占总能量的比例<1%（<1%En）。我们的研究旨在估计在加拿大2018年禁止在食品中使用部分氢化油（PHO）之前，总体人群以及各亚组人群中总TFA、工业生产的TFA（i-TFA）和天然存在的TFA（n-TFA）的通常摄入量。
来自横断面的2015年加拿大社区健康调查（CCHS）-营养调查中19,670名参与者的1-2次24小时膳食回顾数据可用。根据美国国立癌症研究所的方法得出所有食品和饮料中总TFA、i-TFA、n-TFA以及混合TFA（来自同时含有i-TFA和n-TFA的食品中的TFA）的通常摄入量，并进行加权以代表年龄≥1岁且按年龄、性别、收入和自我报告种族分组的加拿大人口。
对于总体人群，总TFA的平均通常摄入量为1.2克/天（标准误：0.02），占总能量的0.57%（标准误：0.001）。所有年龄-性别组的总TFA平均摄入量均<1%En，范围在0.52%至0.71%En之间。平均而言，仅含有n-TFA的食品提供了总TFA摄入量的>1/2（0.32%En，标准误：0.01）。在PHO被禁止之前，除了1-3岁儿童中有86%达到目标外，所有收入、种族和年龄-性别组中≥90%的人口摄入的TFA占总能量的比例<1%这一目标已经实现。在该年龄组中，仅含有n-TFA的食品提供了总TFA摄入量的>2/3（0.48%En，标准误：0.02）。
在PHO被禁止之前，加拿大的总TFA摄入量相对较低，这可能归因于之前减少食品中i-TFA的举措。
