Liu Minquan, Anbumozhi Venkatachalam
School of Economics and Center for Human and Economic Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), Jakarta, Indonesia.
J Soc Econ Dev. 2021;23(Suppl 3):582-600. doi: 10.1007/s40847-020-00134-w. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Infectious diseases such as SARS and COVID-19, like other natural hazards, underline the interconnectedness of the countries. Both manufacturing and services sectors in the economies of Asia have outsourced supplies from different countries in order to gain a competitive advantage through effective value chain management. The motivations for this outsourcing are to achieve technological innovations, reduce end-product prices, and strengthen strategic competitiveness. This paper applies a supply chain approach to develop the concept of a hazard-resilient healthcare system (HRHS) and to explore ways how this might be achieved. After reviewing the current international thinking on HRHS, which has narrowly focused on building national capacities with national capabilities, it argues that a supply chain approach may provide a better, more robust, and in many ways more realistic, approach to enhance the hazard resilience of national healthcare systems. Within such an approach, capabilities of the local actors (local health authorities and healthcare providers) in a pandemic or disaster-prone situation remain important and should be further strengthened, but international support and assistance in times of emergency should also be a key plank of the system. In a changing world with more frequent high-impact pandemics and disasters, such international support need not be one way, but both ways. A system of mutual support may be developed by forming an effective international common pool of capability in responding to the health needs when a major disaster occurs anywhere in a region or globally. Even though serious limitations exist in the current thinking on HRHS, significant progress has been made on the international humanitarian assistance front, especially in the ASEAN region. While developments on this front have not been a part of the purview of the current international thinking on HRHS, it is argued that they may well form an important corner stone in a typical future national HRHS.
非典和新冠疫情等传染病，与其他自然灾害一样，凸显了各国之间的相互联系。亚洲经济体的制造业和服务业都从不同国家外包供应，以便通过有效的价值链管理获得竞争优势。这种外包的动机是实现技术创新、降低终端产品价格并增强战略竞争力。本文采用供应链方法来发展抗灾医疗系统（HRHS）的概念，并探索实现这一目标的途径。在回顾了当前关于抗灾医疗系统的国际思路后，发现其狭隘地侧重于利用国家能力建设国家容量，本文认为供应链方法可能提供一种更好、更稳健且在许多方面更现实的方法，以增强国家医疗系统的抗灾能力。在这种方法中，地方行为体（地方卫生当局和医疗服务提供者）在大流行或易受灾情况下的能力仍然很重要，应进一步加强，但紧急情况下的国际支持和援助也应成为该系统的关键支柱。在一个高影响大流行和灾害日益频繁的变化世界中，这种国际支持不必是单向的，而是双向的。可以通过在区域或全球任何地方发生重大灾难时形成一个有效的国际共同能力库来应对卫生需求，从而建立一个相互支持的系统。尽管当前关于抗灾医疗系统的思路存在严重局限性，但在国际人道主义援助方面已取得重大进展，特别是在东盟地区。虽然这方面的进展并非当前抗灾医疗系统国际思路的一部分，但有人认为它们很可能成为未来典型国家抗灾医疗系统的重要基石。
