Bi Rentang, Fang Zhi, You Mingfeng, He Quanwei, Hu Bo
Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2021 Oct 13;15:765205. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765205. eCollection 2021.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) features extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality, with no specific and effective therapy. And local inflammation caused by the over-activated immune cells seriously damages the recovery of neurological function after ICH. Fortunately, immune intervention to microglia has provided new methods and ideas for ICH treatment. Microglia, as the resident immune cells in the brain, play vital roles in both tissue damage and repair processes after ICH. The perihematomal activated microglia not only arouse acute inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and cytotoxicity to cause neuron death, but also show another phenotype that inhibit inflammation, clear hematoma and promote tissue regeneration. The proportion of microglia phenotypes determines the progression of brain tissue damage or repair after ICH. Therefore, microglia may be a promising and imperative therapeutic target for ICH. In this review, we discuss the dual functions of microglia in the brain after an ICH from immunological perspective, elaborate on the activation mechanism of perihematomal microglia, and summarize related therapeutic drugs researches.
脑出血（ICH）具有极高的发病率和死亡率，且尚无特效治疗方法。免疫细胞过度激活所引发的局部炎症严重损害了脑出血后神经功能的恢复。幸运的是，针对小胶质细胞的免疫干预为脑出血治疗提供了新方法和思路。小胶质细胞作为脑内常驻免疫细胞，在脑出血后的组织损伤和修复过程中均发挥着至关重要的作用。血肿周围活化的小胶质细胞不仅引发急性炎症反应、氧化应激、兴奋性毒性和细胞毒性导致神经元死亡，还呈现出抑制炎症、清除血肿并促进组织再生的另一种表型。小胶质细胞表型的比例决定了脑出血后脑组织损伤或修复的进程。因此，小胶质细胞可能是脑出血一个有前景且迫切需要的治疗靶点。在本综述中，我们从免疫学角度探讨脑出血后小胶质细胞在脑内的双重功能，阐述血肿周围小胶质细胞的激活机制，并总结相关治疗药物的研究情况。
