UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Immunol. 2021 Oct 15;12:740548. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740548. eCollection 2021.
Certain cancer therapy has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and may promote tumor progression instead. The external stress or stimuli may induce cell death and contribute toward the secretion of pro inflammatory molecules. The release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) upon induction of therapy or cell death has been shown to induce an inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the mechanism as to how the DAMPs are released and engage in such activity needs further in-depth investigation. Interestingly, some studies have shown that DAMPs can be released through extracellular vesicles (EVs) and can bind to receptors such as toll-like receptors (TCRs). Ample pre-clinical studies have shown that cancer-derived EVs are able to modulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. However, the information on the presence of such DAMPs within EVs is still elusive. Therefore, this mini-review attempts to summarize and appraise studies that have shown the presence of DAMPs within cancer-EVs and how it affects the downstream cellular process.
某些癌症疗法已被证明可诱导癌细胞发生免疫原性细胞死亡，反而可能促进肿瘤进展。外部应激或刺激可诱导细胞死亡，并有助于促炎分子的分泌。研究表明，在诱导治疗或细胞死亡时，损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）的释放会引发炎症反应。然而，关于 DAMPs 如何释放并参与这种活动的机制仍需要进一步深入研究。有趣的是，一些研究表明，DAMPs 可以通过细胞外囊泡（EVs）释放，并与 Toll 样受体（TCRs）等受体结合。大量临床前研究表明，源自癌症的 EVs 能够调节肿瘤微环境中的免疫反应。然而，关于 EVs 中存在这种 DAMPs 的信息仍然难以捉摸。因此，本篇迷你综述试图总结和评估表明 DAMPs 存在于癌症-EVs 中以及它如何影响下游细胞过程的研究。
