Cao Lei, Zhu Yu-Qin, Wu Zhi-Xian, Wang Gao-Xiong, Cheng Hong-Wei
Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021 Oct 15;13(10):1213-1228. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1213.
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years, and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor. Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine, especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer. Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting, ligand modification, and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells. In addition, the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment. Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer, drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ablation therapy. Furthermore, novel therapies including gene therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer. Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity, and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors, including drug-resistant tumors. Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects. Overall, the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.
在过去几年中，肝细胞癌的发病率和死亡率持续上升，基于药物治疗的患者预后较差。鉴于医学纳米技术发展带来的新思路，尤其是在肝癌治疗方面的优势。一些具有主动靶向、配体修饰和被动靶向能力的工程纳米粒子能够实现向肿瘤细胞的高效药物递送。此外，基于肿瘤微环境的药物释放行为也应用于载药纳米系统。考虑到肝癌局部治疗的临床应用，纳米凝胶在原位化疗、放疗和消融治疗中的药物递送也得到了充分研究。此外，包括基因治疗、光疗和免疫治疗在内的新型疗法也被应用于肝癌的联合治疗。设计工程化非病毒聚合物作为具有更高效率和特异性的基因递送载体，以及治疗基因和药物共递送策略对包括耐药肿瘤在内的肝肿瘤显示出巨大的治疗效果。光疗也应用于外科手术、化疗和免疫治疗。联合策略显著提高了治疗效果并减少了副作用。总体而言，纳米技术的应用可能给当前肝癌治疗带来革命性变化。
