Shah Suchitra, Iqbal Zafar, Alharbi Mohammed G, Kalra Harjeevan S, Suri Megha, Soni Nitin, Okpaleke Nkiruka, Yadav Shikha, Hamid Pousette
Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Emergency Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Sep 25;13(9):e18275. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18275. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, currently ranking third among cancers leading to death worldwide. Despite the recent advancements in GC research, it is most often diagnosed during the terminal stages and with limited treatment modalities contributing to its poor prognosis and a lower survival rate. Much research has provided conflicting results between a vitamin D deficient status and the development of GC. Vitamin D is a well-known and essential hormone classically known to regulate calcium and phosphate absorption, enabling adequate mineralization of the skeletal system. However, the function of vitamin D is multidimensional. It possesses unique roles, including acting as antioxidants or immunomodulators while crossing the cell membrane, performing several intracellular functions, participating in gene regulation, and controlling the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, including those of GC. In light of this, it is imperative to analyze the causes of GC, review the factors that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of treatments, and discover the tools to determine prognosis, reduce mortality, and prevent GC development. In this review, we have summarized recent investigations on multiple associations between vitamin D and GC, emphasizing genetic associations, vitamin D receptors, and the prevalence of hormone deficiency in those developing this aggressive malignancy.
胃癌（GC）是最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤之一，目前在全球导致死亡的癌症中排名第三。尽管近年来胃癌研究取得了进展，但它大多在晚期才被诊断出来，且治疗方式有限，导致其预后不良和生存率较低。许多研究在维生素D缺乏状态与胃癌发生之间给出了相互矛盾的结果。维生素D是一种众所周知的重要激素，传统上认为它能调节钙和磷的吸收，使骨骼系统得以充分矿化。然而，维生素D的功能是多维度的。它具有独特的作用，包括在穿过细胞膜时充当抗氧化剂或免疫调节剂、执行多种细胞内功能、参与基因调控以及控制癌细胞（包括胃癌细胞）的增殖和侵袭。有鉴于此，分析胃癌的成因、审视可用于提高治疗效果的因素并发现确定预后、降低死亡率和预防胃癌发生的手段势在必行。在本综述中，我们总结了近期关于维生素D与胃癌之间多种关联的研究，重点关注基因关联、维生素D受体以及罹患这种侵袭性恶性肿瘤者中激素缺乏的发生率。
