Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; email:
University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2022 Feb 10;84:611-629. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040014. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes was initially considered a beneficial solution to conventional cigarette smoking cessation. However, paradoxically, e-cigarette use is rapidly growing among nonsmokers, including youth and young adults. In 2019, this rapid growth resulted in an epidemic of hospitalizations and deaths of e-cigarette users (vapers) due to acute lung injury; this novel disease was termed e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Pathophysiologic mechanisms of EVALI likely involve cytotoxicity and neutrophilic inflammation caused by inhaled chemicals, but further details remain unknown. The undiscovered mechanisms of EVALI are a barrier to identifying biomarkers and developing therapeutics. Furthermore, adverse effects of e-cigarette use have been linked to chronic lung diseases and systemic effects on multiple organs. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the diverse spectrum of vaping exposures, epidemiological and clinical reports, and experimental findings to provide a better understanding of EVALI and the adverse health effects of chronic e-cigarette exposure.
电子（e）-香烟的使用最初被认为是传统香烟戒烟的有益解决方案。然而，具有讽刺意味的是，包括青少年和年轻人在内的非吸烟者中，电子烟的使用正在迅速增长。2019 年，由于急性肺损伤，电子烟使用者（蒸气使用者）的住院和死亡人数迅速增加，导致这种新型疾病被称为电子烟或蒸气使用相关的肺损伤（EVALI）。EVALI 的病理生理机制可能涉及吸入化学物质引起的细胞毒性和中性粒细胞炎症，但进一步的细节尚不清楚。EVALI 的未被发现的机制是确定生物标志物和开发治疗方法的障碍。此外，电子烟使用的不良影响与慢性肺部疾病和对多个器官的全身影响有关。在这篇综合综述中，我们讨论了各种蒸气暴露、流行病学和临床报告以及实验结果，以更好地了解 EVALI 和慢性电子烟暴露对健康的不良影响。
