School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Nov 1;21(1):383. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01520-0.
The importance of the status of female health should have research priority due to the unique medical needs of women. Hence this paper attempts to explore the nexus of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure with female health outcomes in the SAARC-ASEAN countries.
Using the data of 2002-2018, and applying the cross-sectional dependence test, Modified Wald test, Wooldridge test, the Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) model, the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model, and the pair-wise Granger causality test, the robust outcomes on female health are found.
Access to electricity, female education rate, public health expenditure, economic growth, and immunization rate, all have a positive effect on female life expectancy at birth, and a negative effect on the female adult mortality rate. The urbanization rate has a significantly positive impact on female life expectancy at birth but an insignificant impact on female adult mortality rate. The one-way causal relationship between the variables are also revealed.
All the results are rational and have important milestone for the health sector. The health status of females should be improved and protected by formulating effective policies on access to electricity, female education, public health expenditure, immunization, economic growth, and urbanization.
由于女性独特的医疗需求，女性健康状况的地位应该具有研究优先权。因此，本文试图探讨在南亚区域合作联盟-东盟国家中，电力供应、女性教育和公共卫生支出与女性健康结果之间的关系。
使用 2002-2018 年的数据，应用横截面相关性检验、修正 Wald 检验、Wooldridge 检验、面板校正标准误差（PCSE）模型、可行广义最小二乘法（FGLS）模型和成对格兰杰因果关系检验，得出了女性健康的稳健结果。
电力供应、女性教育率、公共卫生支出、经济增长和免疫率都对女性出生时的预期寿命有积极影响，对女性成年人死亡率有消极影响。城市化率对女性出生时的预期寿命有显著的积极影响，但对女性成年人死亡率没有显著影响。变量之间也存在单向因果关系。
所有结果都是合理的，对卫生部门具有重要的里程碑意义。应通过制定有关电力供应、女性教育、公共卫生支出、免疫、经济增长和城市化的有效政策，改善和保护女性的健康状况。
