Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Leukoc Biol. 2022 Feb;111(2):355-365. doi: 10.1002/JLB.5MR0821-464R. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Vaccination remains the most effective mechanism to reduce the impact of COVID-19. Induction of neutralizing antibodies is a strong correlate of protection from infection and severe disease. An understanding of the cellular events that underpin the generation of effective neutralizing antibodies is therefore key to the development of efficacious vaccines that target emerging variants of concern. Analysis of the immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination has identified circulating T follicular helper cells (cT ) as a robust correlate of the neutralizing antibody response. Here, we discuss the analysis of cT cells and their lymphoid counterparts in human humoral immune responses during COVID-19, and in response to vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike. We discuss the phenotypic heterogeneity of cT cells and the utility of cT subsets as informative biomarkers for development of humoral immunity. We posit that the analysis of the most effective cT will be critical to inducing durable immunity to new variants of SARS-CoV-2.
接种疫苗仍然是减少 COVID-19 影响的最有效机制。中和抗体的诱导是防止感染和严重疾病的强有力相关因素。因此，了解支持产生有效中和抗体的细胞事件对于开发针对新出现的关注变异株的有效疫苗至关重要。对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染和疫苗接种的免疫反应分析表明，循环滤泡辅助 T 细胞 (cT) 是中和抗体反应的有力相关因素。在这里，我们讨论了在 COVID-19 期间和对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白进行疫苗接种时，cT 细胞及其淋巴样对应物在人类体液免疫反应中的分析。我们讨论了 cT 细胞的表型异质性以及 cT 亚群作为体液免疫发展的信息生物标志物的实用性。我们假设，对最有效的 cT 的分析对于诱导对 SARS-CoV-2 新变异株的持久免疫力至关重要。
