Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
WIREs Mech Dis. 2021 Nov;13(6):e1525. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1525. Epub 2021 Mar 21.
The development of cancer is a complex multistage process. Over the past few decades, the model organism Drosophila melanogaster has been crucial in identifying cancer-related genes and pathways and elucidating mechanisms underlying growth regulation in development. Investigations using Drosophila has yielded new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we describe various tumor models that have been developed in recent years using different Drosophila tissues, such as the imaginal tissue, the neural tissue, the gut, the ovary, and hematopoietic cells. We discuss underlying genetic alterations, cancer-like characteristics, as well as similarities and key differences among these models. We also discuss how disruptions in stem cell division and differentiation result in tumor formation in diverse tissues, and highlight new concepts developed using the fly model to understand context-dependent tumorigenesis. We further discuss the progress made in Drosophila to explore tumor-host interactions that involve the innate immune response to tumor growth and the cachexia wasting phenotype. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
癌症的发生是一个复杂的多阶段过程。在过去的几十年中，模式生物黑腹果蝇在鉴定癌症相关基因和途径以及阐明发育过程中生长调控的机制方面发挥了关键作用。利用果蝇进行的研究为肿瘤发生和进展涉及的分子机制提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们描述了近年来使用不同的果蝇组织（如 imaginal tissue、neural tissue、gut、ovary 和 hematopoietic cells）开发的各种肿瘤模型。我们讨论了潜在的遗传改变、类似癌症的特征，以及这些模型之间的相似性和关键差异。我们还讨论了干细胞分裂和分化的中断如何导致不同组织中的肿瘤形成，并强调了利用果蝇模型来理解依赖于上下文的肿瘤发生的新概念。我们进一步讨论了在果蝇中取得的进展，以探索涉及肿瘤生长的先天免疫反应和恶病质消耗表型的肿瘤-宿主相互作用。本文属于以下分类：癌症 > 遗传学/基因组学/表观遗传学癌症 > 干细胞和发育癌症 > 分子和细胞生理学。
