Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Psychology B Building, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
Program of Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2022 Jun;25(2):339-355. doi: 10.1007/s10567-021-00372-2. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Internalizing problems (e.g., depression, anxiety) and substance use are common among young people and often co-occur. However, youths face myriad barriers to access needed treatment, and existing evidence-based interventions tend to focus on internalizing problems or substance use, rather than both simultaneously. Brief interventions that target both problems may, therefore, be an efficient and accessible resource for alleviating youth difficulties; however, this possibility has been insufficiently evaluated. This systematic review evaluated the intervention characteristics and quality of six studies spanning 2015 to 2019 that examined intervention effects on internalizing and substance use outcomes. Based on independent calculations and author reports (respectively), 3-4 interventions significantly reduced youth internalizing symptoms; 3-5 reduced youth substance use; and 2-3 reduced symptoms in both domains. All six interventions identified substance use as a primary target. Four interventions were administered by interventionists to youths in inpatient, outpatient, primary care, or school settings. The remaining two studies delivered content through voicemail messages or an online design. Interventions ranged from ~ 15 to 240 min. Results highlight the sparsity and heterogeneity of youth-focused brief interventions that have evaluated program effects on both internalizing problems and substance use outcomes, suggesting a clear need for integrated supports that are also designed for accessibility. Future investigations of brief youth-focused interventions should assess program effects on both internalizing and substance use outcomes; examine mechanisms driving the varied efficacy of identified interventions; and create, refine, and test interventions with potential to address co-occurring internalizing problems and substance use in young people.
内化问题（例如，抑郁、焦虑）和物质使用在年轻人中很常见，而且往往同时存在。然而，年轻人在获得所需治疗方面面临着无数的障碍，现有的循证干预措施往往侧重于内化问题或物质使用，而不是同时针对这两个问题。因此，针对这两个问题的简短干预措施可能是缓解年轻人困难的一种有效和便捷的资源；然而，这种可能性尚未得到充分评估。本系统评价评估了六项研究的干预特征和质量，这些研究跨越 2015 年至 2019 年，考察了干预对内化和物质使用结果的影响。基于独立计算和作者报告（分别），3-4 项干预措施显著降低了青年内化症状；3-5 项干预措施减少了青年物质使用；2-3 项干预措施减少了两个领域的症状。所有六项干预措施都将物质使用确定为主要目标。四项干预措施由干预者在住院、门诊、初级保健或学校环境中对青少年进行管理。其余两项研究通过语音邮件或在线设计提供内容。干预措施的持续时间从 15 到 240 分钟不等。研究结果突显了针对内化问题和物质使用结果评估项目效果的以青年为重点的简短干预措施的稀缺性和异质性，表明迫切需要提供针对内化问题和物质使用的综合支持，同时也要考虑到可及性。未来对以青年为重点的简短干预措施的研究应评估对内化和物质使用结果的项目效果；研究确定的干预措施有效性的驱动机制；并创建、改进和测试有可能解决年轻人同时存在的内化问题和物质使用问题的干预措施。
