Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Nov 3;21(1):1989. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12069-w.
Poor acoustic conditions at home can have negative health impact. The aim was to investigate home environment factors and medical symptoms associated with noise disturbance.
All adults (≥18 y) registered in selected apartments in Sweden were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey including medical questions and personal factors. Totally 5775 adults participated (response rate 46%). Information on home environment was obtained through an indoor environment questionnaire. Two-level logistic regression models (individual, municipality) were performed to estimate associations.
Totally 11.9% reported noise disturbance in general at home. Noise disturbance from voice/radio/TV/music/similar sounds from neighbours (13.2%), scraping sound/footsteps/thumping from neighbours (16.5%) and road traffic (16.1%) were common. Younger age and smoking were related to more noise disturbance and more medical symptoms. Noise disturbance was related to tiredness, headache and difficulty concentrating (OR = 1.70-8.19). Renting the apartment (OR = 2.53) and living above ground floor (OR = 1.37) were related to more noise disturbance in general. Living in newer buildings (constructed from 1986 to 2005) was related to less noise disturbance in general (OR = 0.40-0.59). A warmer climate (OR = 1.95), higher municipality population density (OR = 1.24), a longer living time (OR = 1.34), construction year (1961-1975) (OR = 2.42), renting (OR = 1.80-2.32), living above ground floor (OR = 1.45) and having a bathroom fan (OR = 1.84) were associated with increased noise disturbance from neighbours. Factors associated with increased noise disturbance from installations or ventilation/fans/heat pumps included a warmer climate, higher municipality population density, construction year (1961-1995), renting and any mechanical ventilation. Higher municipality population density, construction year (especially 1961-1985) and renting were associated with more noise disturbance from traffic (OR = 1.77-3.92). Renting the apartment (OR = 1.73) and living above ground floor (OR = 1.60) were related to more severe traffic noise disturbances. Noise disturbance in general was partly a mediator of the effects of old buildings, renting the apartment and lack of mechanical ventilation on medical symptoms (% of total effect mediated by noise disturbance: 19-44.8%).
Noise disturbance can be associated medical symptoms. Younger age, smoking, a warmer climate, higher municipality population density and different building factors (e.g. renting the apartment, construction period 1961-1985) can be associated with noise disturbance.
家庭环境中的声学条件较差可能会对健康产生负面影响。本研究旨在调查与噪声干扰相关的家庭环境因素和医疗症状。
所有（≥18 岁）在瑞典选定公寓居住的成年人都被邀请参与问卷调查，内容包括医疗问题和个人因素。共有 5775 名成年人参与（回应率为 46%）。家庭环境信息通过室内环境问卷获得。采用个体和市两级二项逻辑回归模型来估计关联。
共有 11.9%的人报告家中存在普遍的噪声干扰。来自邻居的噪声干扰（13.2%），如说话声/广播/电视/音乐/类似声音、刮擦声/脚步声/重击声（16.5%）和道路交通（16.1%）较为常见。年龄较小和吸烟与更多的噪声干扰和更多的医疗症状相关。噪声干扰与疲劳、头痛和注意力不集中有关（OR=1.70-8.19）。租用公寓（OR=2.53）和居住在底层（OR=1.37）与一般噪声干扰增加有关。居住在较新的建筑（建于 1986 年至 2005 年）与一般噪声干扰减少有关（OR=0.40-0.59）。气候较温暖（OR=1.95）、市人口密度较高（OR=1.24）、居住时间较长（OR=1.34）、建筑年份（1961-1975 年）（OR=2.42）、租用（OR=1.80-2.32）、居住在底层（OR=1.45）和有浴室风扇（OR=1.84）与邻居的噪声干扰增加有关。与设施或通风/风扇/热泵噪声干扰增加相关的因素包括气候较温暖、市人口密度较高、建筑年份（1961-1995 年）、租用和任何机械通风。市人口密度较高、建筑年份（特别是 1961-1985 年）和租用与交通噪声干扰增加有关（OR=1.77-3.92）。租用公寓（OR=1.73）和居住在底层（OR=1.60）与更严重的交通噪声干扰有关。一般噪声干扰在一定程度上是旧建筑、租用公寓和缺乏机械通风对医疗症状影响的中介因素（噪声干扰介导的总效应的百分比：19%-44.8%）。
噪声干扰可能与医疗症状有关。年龄较小、吸烟、气候较温暖、市人口密度较高以及不同的建筑因素（如租用公寓、1961-1985 年建筑时期）与噪声干扰有关。
