瑞典老年医院室内空气质量和个人因素对病态建筑综合征（SBS）的影响。
Influence of indoor air quality and personal factors on the sick building syndrome (SBS) in Swedish geriatric hospitals.
作者信息
Nordström K, Norbäck D, Akselsson R
机构信息
Department of Working Environment, Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, Sweden.
出版信息
Occup Environ Med. 1995 Mar;52(3):170-6. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.3.170.
OBJECTIVES
Sick building syndrome (SBS) involves symptoms such as irritation to the eyes, skin, and upper airways, headache, and fatigue. The relations between such symptoms and both personal and environmental factors were studied in 225 female hospital workers, working in eight hospital units in the south of Sweden.
METHODS
Symptoms of SBS and personal factors were measured by means of a standardised self administered questionnaire. The technical investigation comprised a building survey and measurements of room temperature, supply air temperature, air humidity, and exhaust air flow.
RESULTS
The prevalence of symptoms differed from one unit to another. The mean value of weekly complaints of fatigue was 30%, of eye irritation 23%, and of dry facial skin 34%. Eye irritation was related to work stress, self reported exposure to static electricity, and was also more common in buildings with a high ventilation flow and a high noise level (55 dB(A)) from the ventilation system. Nasal symptoms were related to asthma and hay fever only. Throat symptoms were more common in smokers, subjects with asthma or hay fever, new buildings, and in buildings with a high ventilation flow. Facial skin irritation was related to a lack of control of the work conditions, and was more common in new buildings, and buildings with a high ventilation flow and ventilation noise. General symptoms, such as headache and fatigue, were related to current smoking, asthma or hay fever, work dissatisfaction, and static electricity.
CONCLUSION
As the prevalence of symptoms was high, there is a need to improve the indoor environment as well as the psychosocial environment in hospitals. These improvements could include a reduction of ventilation noise, minimised smoking, and improvements in the psychosocial climate. Further research is needed to identify indoor climatic factors that cause the increased prevalence of symptoms of SBS in new buildings.
目的
病态建筑综合征（SBS）包括眼睛、皮肤和上呼吸道刺激、头痛及疲劳等症状。对瑞典南部八家医院科室的225名女性医院工作人员，研究了这些症状与个人因素及环境因素之间的关系。
方法
通过标准化的自填问卷测量SBS症状及个人因素。技术调查包括建筑检查以及室温、送风温度、空气湿度和排风量的测量。
结果
各科室症状的患病率有所不同。每周疲劳投诉的平均值为30%，眼部刺激为23%，面部皮肤干燥为34%。眼部刺激与工作压力、自我报告的静电暴露有关，在通风流量高且通风系统噪音水平高（55分贝（A））的建筑中也更常见。鼻部症状仅与哮喘和花粉热有关。喉咙症状在吸烟者、患有哮喘或花粉热的受试者、新建筑以及通风流量高的建筑中更常见。面部皮肤刺激与工作条件缺乏控制有关，在新建筑以及通风流量高和通风噪音大的建筑中更常见。头痛和疲劳等一般症状与当前吸烟、哮喘或花粉热、工作不满和静电有关。
结论
由于症状的患病率较高，有必要改善医院的室内环境以及社会心理环境。这些改善措施可包括降低通风噪音、尽量减少吸烟以及改善社会心理氛围。需要进一步研究以确定导致新建筑中SBS症状患病率增加的室内气候因素。
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