Centro Hospitalario Padre Menni, 39012 Santander, Spain.
Nursery Department, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 8;19(24):16457. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416457.
Environmental noise is considered one of the main risks for physical and mental health and well-being, with a significant associated burden of disease in Europe. This work aims to explore the main sources of noise exposure at home and its effect on well-being in northern Spain. A transversal opinion study has been performed through a closed questionnaire. The questionnaire included three different parts: sociodemographic data, noise disturbance, and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). A Binary Logistics Regression model was performed to analyze the relationship between noise exposure and well-being. Overall, 16.6% of the participants consider that the noise isolation of their homes is bad or very bad. The noise generated by the neighbors (air and impact noise) is considered the most disturbing indoor noise source, while street works are the most disturbing outdoor noise source in urban areas and road traffic is the most disturbing in rural areas. People who indicate that noise interferes with their life at home have a worse score on the WHO-5 (decreased perception of well-being). The exposure to outdoor noise (specifically the noise coming from the street and trains), internal impact noise produced by neighbors, and in general, the noise that wakes you up, is related to receiving a worse score in the WHO-5 ( < 0.05). Administrative bodies must ensure that laws regulating at-home noise levels, which are continually being updated with stricter restrictions, are enforced.
环境噪声被认为是影响身心健康和幸福感的主要风险因素之一，在欧洲造成了相当大的疾病负担。本研究旨在探讨西班牙北部家庭噪声暴露的主要来源及其对幸福感的影响。通过封闭式问卷进行了一项横断面意见研究。问卷包括三部分：社会人口统计学数据、噪声干扰和世界卫生组织幸福感指数（WHO-5）的 5 项。采用二元逻辑回归模型分析噪声暴露与幸福感之间的关系。总的来说，16.6%的参与者认为他们家的隔音效果差或非常差。邻居产生的噪声（空气和冲击噪声）被认为是最干扰室内的噪声源，而街道工程是城市地区最干扰的室外噪声源，道路交通是农村地区最干扰的噪声源。那些表示噪声干扰他们在家中生活的人在 WHO-5 上的得分更低（幸福感降低）。暴露于室外噪声（特别是来自街道和火车的噪声）、邻居产生的内部冲击噪声以及一般来说会吵醒你的噪声，与在 WHO-5 上获得更差的评分相关（<0.05）。行政机构必须确保执行有关家庭噪声水平的法律，这些法律正在不断更新，限制更加严格。
