DeWeese Kelly J, Osborne Melisa G
Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles.
J World Aquac Soc. 2021 Oct;52(5):1009-1030. doi: 10.1111/jwas.12782. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
"Omics" techniques (including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) have been employed with huge success in the improvement of agricultural crops. As marine aquaculture of macroalgae expands globally, biologists are working to domesticate species of macroalgae by applying these techniques tested in agriculture to wild macroalgae species. Metabolomics has revealed metabolites and pathways that influence agriculturally relevant traits in crops, allowing for informed crop crossing schemes and genomic improvement strategies that would be pivotal to inform selection on macroalgae for domestication. Advances in metagenomics have improved understanding of host-symbiont interactions and the potential for microbial organisms to improve crop outcomes. There is much room in the field of macroalgal biology for further research toward improvement of macroalgae cultivars in aquaculture using metabolomic and metagenomic analyses. To this end, this review discusses the application and necessary expansion of the omics tool kit for macroalgae domestication as we move to enhance seaweed farming worldwide.
“组学”技术（包括基因组学、转录组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学和宏基因组学）在农作物改良方面取得了巨大成功。随着全球大型海藻海水养殖的扩大，生物学家正致力于通过将在农业中经过测试的这些技术应用于野生大型海藻物种来驯化它们。代谢组学揭示了影响作物农业相关性状的代谢物和途径，从而能够制定明智的作物杂交方案和基因组改良策略，这对于指导大型海藻驯化选择至关重要。宏基因组学的进展增进了人们对宿主 - 共生体相互作用以及微生物改善作物产量潜力的理解。在大型海藻生物学领域，利用代谢组学和宏基因组学分析进一步研究以改良水产养殖中的大型海藻品种仍有很大空间。为此，本综述讨论了随着我们努力在全球范围内加强海藻养殖，用于大型海藻驯化的组学工具包的应用及必要扩展。
