Zhang Yan, Hu Yujing, You Zijing, Li Zhenglin, Kong Miao, Han Mingzheng, Liu Zhimin, Zhang Jie, Yao Yuncong
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Oct 18;12:666982. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666982. eCollection 2021.
In order to increase O concentration in the rhizosphere and reduce the continuous cropping obstacles under high-density cultivation, ventilation is often used to increase soil aeration. Yet, the effect of ventilation on soil microbial communities and nutrient cycling and, further, the extent to which they influence strawberry growth under greenhouse conditions are still poorly understood. Thus, four treatments-no ventilation + low planting density (LD), ventilation + LD, no ventilation + high planting density (HD), and ventilation + HD-of strawberry "Red cheeks" ( × Duch. cv. "Benihopp") were studied in a greenhouse for 3 years. The ventilation pipe (diameter = 10 cm) was buried in the soil at a depth of 15 cm from the surface and fresh air was sent to the root zone through the pipe by a blower. Ten pipes (one pipeline in a row) were attached to a blower. Soil samples were collected using a stainless-steel corer (five-point intra-row sampling) for the nutrient and microbial analyses. The composition and structure of the soil bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes, and functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt and FUNGuild, respectively. The results showed that soil ventilation increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) of strawberry plants across two growth stages [vegetative growth stage (VGS) and fruit development stage (FDS)]. Soil ventilation increased its available nutrient contents, but the available nutrient contents were reduced under the high planting density compared with low planting density. Both the O concentration and O:CO ratio were increased by ventilation; these were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacilli, Gamma-proteobacteria, , as well as Chytridiomycota and Pezizomycetes. Conversely, ventilation decreased soil CO concentration and the abundance of Beta-proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. The greater planting density increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria (oligotrophic group). Ventilation altered soil temperature and pH along with carbon and nitrogen functional profiles in the VGS (more nitrogen components) and FDS (more carbon components), which benefited strawberry plant growth under high planting density. The practice of soil ventilation provides a strategy to alleviate hypoxia stress and continuous cropping obstacles for improving crop production in greenhouse settings.
为了提高根际的氧气浓度并减少高密度栽培下的连作障碍，常采用通风来增加土壤通气性。然而，通风对土壤微生物群落和养分循环的影响，以及它们在温室条件下对草莓生长的影响程度仍知之甚少。因此，在温室中对草莓“红颜”（×杜克拉品种“章姬”）进行了4种处理——不通风+低密度种植（LD）、通风+LD、不通风+高密度种植（HD）和通风+HD——的研究，为期3年。通风管（直径=10厘米）埋入距地表15厘米深的土壤中，通过鼓风机将新鲜空气通过管道输送到根区。10根管道（每行一根管道）连接到一个鼓风机上。使用不锈钢取芯器（五点行内采样）采集土壤样本进行养分和微生物分析。通过对16S和18S rRNA基因进行高通量测序分析土壤细菌和真菌群落的组成和结构，并分别使用PICRUSt和FUNGuild预测功能概况。结果表明，土壤通风提高了草莓植株在两个生长阶段[营养生长阶段（VGS）和果实发育阶段（FDS）]的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和水分利用效率（WUE）。土壤通风增加了其有效养分含量，但与低密度种植相比，高密度种植下的有效养分含量有所降低。通风提高了氧气浓度和氧：二氧化碳比率；这些与芽孢杆菌、γ-变形菌、壶菌门和盘菌纲的相对丰度呈正相关。相反，通风降低了土壤二氧化碳浓度以及β-变形菌和芽单胞菌门的丰度。更大的种植密度增加了酸杆菌门（贫营养类群）的相对丰度。通风改变了VGS（更多氮成分）和FDS（更多碳成分）中的土壤温度、pH以及碳和氮功能概况，这有利于高密度种植下草莓植株的生长。土壤通风措施为缓解缺氧胁迫和连作障碍提供了一种策略，以提高温室环境下的作物产量。
