Mai Wenning, Chen Jiamin, Liu Hai, Liang Jiawei, Tang Jinfeng, Wei Yongjun
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Sep 28;12:746293. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746293. eCollection 2021.
The discharge of excess nitrogenous pollutants in rivers or other water bodies often leads to serious ecological problems and results in the collapse of aquatic ecosystems. Nitrogenous pollutants are often derived from the inefficient treatment of industrial wastewater. The biological treatment of industrial wastewater for the removal of nitrogen pollution is a green and efficient strategy. In the initial stage of the nitrogen removal process, the nitrogenous pollutants are converted to ammonia. Traditionally, nitrification and denitrification processes have been used for nitrogen removal in industrial wastewater; while currently, more efficient processes, such as simultaneous nitrification-denitrification, partial nitrification-anammox, and partial denitrification-anammox processes, are used. The microorganisms participating in nitrogen pollutant removal processes are diverse, but information about them is limited. In this review, we summarize the microbiota participating in nitrogen removal processes, their pathways, and associated functional genes. We have also discussed the design of efficient industrial wastewater treatment processes for the removal of nitrogenous pollutants and the application of microbiome engineering technology and synthetic biology strategies in the modulation of the nitrogen removal process. This review thus provides insights that would help in improving the efficiency of nitrogen pollutant removal from industrial wastewater.
河流或其他水体中过量含氮污染物的排放常常导致严重的生态问题，并致使水生生态系统崩溃。含氮污染物通常源自工业废水处理效率低下。工业废水的生物处理以去除氮污染是一种绿色高效的策略。在脱氮过程的初始阶段，含氮污染物会转化为氨。传统上，硝化和反硝化过程已被用于工业废水的脱氮；而目前，更高效的过程，如同步硝化反硝化、部分硝化厌氧氨氧化和部分反硝化厌氧氨氧化过程，也被采用。参与氮污染物去除过程的微生物种类繁多，但关于它们的信息有限。在本综述中，我们总结了参与脱氮过程的微生物群落、它们的途径以及相关功能基因。我们还讨论了用于去除含氮污染物的高效工业废水处理工艺的设计，以及微生物组工程技术和合成生物学策略在调节脱氮过程中的应用。因此，本综述提供了有助于提高工业废水中氮污染物去除效率的见解。
