Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Oct 25;2021:3080863. doi: 10.1155/2021/3080863. eCollection 2021.
The development and progression of hypertension are closely linked to an unhealthy lifestyle; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess the effects of diet and exercise on the elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), redox-sensitive parameters, and the expression of the vascular tone regulator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Male control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats were randomized based on the type of diet (standard chow, high-fat diet: HT, and fructose-enriched diet: HF) and exercise (voluntary wheel-running exercise or lack of exercise). After 12 weeks of experimental period, the concentrations of the RAAS elements, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) concentrations, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 as well as eNOS were measured in the cardiac tissue of WKY and SHRSP rats. We found that the RAAS elements were overactivated under hypertension and were further elevated by HT or HF diet, while HT and HF diet enhanced MPO and TNF- parameters as well as the expression of pERK1/2; SOD, GSH, and eNOS levels were decreased. These changes occurred in WKKY rats and reached the statistically significant level in SHRSP animals. 12 weeks of exercise compensated the adverse effects of HT and HF via alleviating the concentrations of the RAAS elements and inflammatory markers as well as increasing of antioxidants. Our findings prove that SHRSP rats are more vulnerable to lifestyle changes. Both the type of diet and exercise, as a nonpharmacological therapeutic tool, can have a significant impact on the progression of hypertension.
高血压的发展和进展与不健康的生活方式密切相关，但其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。我们的目的是评估饮食和运动对肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）元素、氧化还原敏感参数以及血管张力调节剂内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）表达的影响。雄性对照 Wistar-Kyoto（WKY）和易发生卒中的自发性高血压（SHRSP）大鼠根据饮食类型（标准饲料、高脂肪饮食：HT 和富含果糖的饮食：HF）和运动（自愿轮跑运动或缺乏运动）进行随机分组。在 12 周的实验期后，测量 WKY 和 SHRSP 大鼠心脏组织中的 RAAS 元素浓度、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-）浓度、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平以及细胞外信号调节激酶 1/2（ERK1/2）和磷酸化 ERK1/2 以及 eNOS 的表达。我们发现，RAAS 元素在高血压下过度激活，并进一步被 HT 或 HF 饮食升高，而 HT 和 HF 饮食增强了 MPO 和 TNF-参数以及 pERK1/2 的表达；SOD、GSH 和 eNOS 水平降低。这些变化发生在 WKKY 大鼠中，并在 SHRSP 动物中达到统计学显著水平。12 周的运动通过减轻 RAAS 元素和炎症标志物的浓度以及增加抗氧化剂来补偿 HT 和 HF 的不良影响。我们的研究结果证明 SHRSP 大鼠对生活方式的改变更敏感。饮食类型和运动作为一种非药物治疗工具，都可以对高血压的进展产生重大影响。
