药物性感音神经性听力损失的实验动物模型：一项叙述性综述
Experimental animal models of drug-induced sensorineural hearing loss: a narrative review.
作者信息
Lin Xuexin, Luo Jia, Tan Jingqian, Yang Luoying, Wang Mitian, Li Peng
机构信息
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
出版信息
Ann Transl Med. 2021 Sep;9(17):1393. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-2508.
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review describes experimental animal models of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by ototoxic agents.
BACKGROUND
SNHL primarily results from damage to the sensory organ within the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). The main etiology of SNHL includes genetic diseases, presbycusis, ototoxic agents, infection, and noise exposure. Animal models with functional and anatomic damage to the sensory organ within the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve mimicking the damage seen in humans are employed to explore the mechanism and potential treatment of SNHL. These animal models of SNHL are commonly established using ototoxic agents.
METHODS
A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed for research articles on hearing loss and ototoxic agents in animal models of hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Common ototoxic medications such as aminoglycoside antibiotics (AABs) and platinum antitumor drugs are extensively used to induce SNHL in experimental animals. The effect of ototoxic agents is influenced by the chemical mechanisms of the ototoxic agents, the species of animal, routes of administration of the ototoxic agents, and the dosage of ototoxic agents. Animal models of drug-induced SNHL contribute to understanding the hearing mechanism and reveal the function of different parts of the auditory system in humans.
目的
本叙述性综述描述了由耳毒性药物引起的感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）的实验动物模型。
背景
SNHL主要源于内耳感觉器官或前庭蜗神经（第八对脑神经）的损伤。SNHL的主要病因包括遗传疾病、老年性聋、耳毒性药物、感染和噪声暴露。利用对内耳感觉器官或前庭蜗神经造成功能和解剖损伤的动物模型来模拟人类所见损伤，以探究SNHL的机制和潜在治疗方法。这些SNHL动物模型通常使用耳毒性药物建立。
方法
对PubMed、Embase和Web of Science进行文献检索，查找关于听力损失动物模型中听力损失和耳毒性药物的研究文章。
结论
常见的耳毒性药物，如氨基糖苷类抗生素（AABs）和铂类抗肿瘤药物，被广泛用于在实验动物中诱导SNHL。耳毒性药物的作用受其化学机制、动物种类、给药途径和药物剂量的影响。药物性SNHL动物模型有助于理解听力机制，并揭示人类听觉系统不同部分的功能。
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