Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Science. 2021 Nov 5;374(6568):eabd7687. doi: 10.1126/science.abd7687.
Atomically thin two-dimensional materials present opportunities for selective transport of subatomic species. The pristine lattice of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, although impermeable to helium atoms, allows for transmission of electrons and permits transport of thermal protons and its isotopes. We discuss advances in selective subatomic species transport through atomically thin membranes and their potential for transformative advances in energy storage and conversion, isotope separations, in situ electron microscopy and spectroscopy, and future electronic applications. We outline technological challenges and opportunities for these applications and discuss early adoption in imaging and spectroscopy that are starting to become commercially available, as well as emerging applications in the nuclear industry and future application potential in grid storage, clean/green transportation, environmental remediation, and others.
原子层状二维材料为亚原子物种的选择性传输提供了机会。尽管单层石墨烯和六方氮化硼的原始晶格对氦原子不可渗透，但允许电子传输，并允许热质子及其同位素传输。我们讨论了通过原子层状薄膜选择性传输亚原子物种的进展及其在储能和转换、同位素分离、原位电子显微镜和光谱学以及未来电子应用方面的变革性进展的潜力。我们概述了这些应用的技术挑战和机遇，并讨论了在成像和光谱学方面的早期应用，这些应用已经开始商业化，以及在核工业以及未来在电网存储、清洁/绿色交通、环境修复等方面的应用潜力。
