Generalization of sustained neurophysiological effects of short-term auditory 13-Hz stimulation to neighbouring frequency representation in humans.

A fuller understanding of the effects of auditory tetanization in humans would inform better language and sensory learning paradigms; however, there are still unanswered questions. Here, we probe sustained changes in the event-related potentials (ERPs) to 1020- and 980-Hz tones following a rapid presentation of 1020-Hz tone (every 75 ms, 13.3 Hz, tetanization). Consistent with some previous studies, we revealed the increase in the P2 ERP component after tetanization. Contrary to some other studies, we did not observe the expected N1 increase after tetanization even in the identical experimental sequence. We detected a significant N1 decrease after tetanization. Expanding previous research, we showed that P2 increase and N1 decrease are not specific to the stimulus type (tetanized 1020 Hz and non-tetanized 980 Hz), suggesting the generalizability of tetanization effect to the not-stimulated auditory tones, at least to those of the neighbouring frequency. The ERPs' tetanization effects were observed for at least 30 min-the most prolonged interval examined, consistent with the duration of long-term potentiation, LTP. In addition, the tetanization effects were detectable in the blocks where the participants watched muted videos, an experimental setting that can be easily used in children and other challenging groups. Thus, auditory 13-Hz stimulation affects brain processing of tones including those of neighbouring frequencies.