Evaluation of pretreatment effect on lignin extraction from wheat straw by deep eutectic solvent.

To investigate the effect of hemicellulose removal on subsequent choline chloride and lactic acid (ChCl-LA) based deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of wheat straw lignin, ChCL-LA of DES and hot water presoaking pretreatments were used for hemicellulose prehydrolysis. Both presoakings led to a significant hemicellulose removal and introduced morphological changes on fiber cell wall surface. DES presoaking also instigated ether bonds cleavage between lignin and hemicellulose and selectively removed lignin in compound middle lamella (CML) and cell corner (CC) leading to cell wall disruption and swelling which facilitated lignin extraction. Hot water presoaking removed more hemicellulose and caused a migration of lignin to fibers surface, but did not improve subsequent lignin extraction. This study demonstrated that a two-stage DES treatment method, presoaking at room temperature followed by extracting at an elevated temperature, is a viable process to produce high yield and purity of lignin.