Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo, Los Ríos, Ecuador.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Dec;119:542-553. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.042. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to serious concerns on microbial resistance and chemical residues. Novel sources of immunostimulants could help to solve this problem by stimulating the immune system to fight against pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to explore the immunostimulant potential of Cystobacidium benthicum-β-glucans (Cb-βG) using thymus cells from Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), a recently farmed fish species in Mexico. The Cb-βG was characterized and tested for its own antioxidant capacity. Then, a Cb-βG safety experiment was carried out in thymus cells by evaluating the effects on immune parameters and immune-related genes. Cb-βG had a molecular weight of 2.32 kDa, comprised of β-1,3-1,6-glucan (53.4%), and showed strong antioxidant capacity compared to that of the positive antioxidant control. Cb-βG had no toxic effects of thymus cells and enhanced phagocytic, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase and superoxide activities. Additionally, immune-related genes implicated in recognition and effector functions of yeast glucans were up-regulated (Toll like receptor 2, C-type lectin family 17 member A, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 2, macrophage mannose receptor 1, and Interleukin-1β). In conclusion, the glucan -characterized physically-chemically from the yeast C. benthicum (Cb-βG)- was safe, had strong antioxidant capacity to scavenge free radicals, and stimulated immune parameters and immune-related gene expressions on thymus cells from Totoaba macdonaldi.
抗生素在水产养殖中的过度使用导致了微生物耐药性和化学残留的严重问题。新型免疫刺激剂的来源可以通过刺激免疫系统对抗病原体来帮助解决这个问题。因此，本研究旨在探索来自地霉菌（Cystobacidium benthicum）β-葡聚糖（Cb-βG）的免疫刺激潜力，使用来自墨西哥最近养殖鱼类斑点叉尾鮰（Totoaba macdonaldi）的胸腺细胞。对 Cb-βG 进行了特征描述和抗氧化能力测试。然后，通过评估对免疫参数和免疫相关基因的影响，在胸腺细胞中进行了 Cb-βG 安全性实验。Cb-βG 的分子量为 2.32 kDa，由β-1,3-1,6-葡聚糖（53.4%）组成，与阳性抗氧化对照相比，具有较强的抗氧化能力。Cb-βG 对胸腺细胞没有毒性作用，并增强了吞噬、呼吸爆发、髓过氧化物酶和超氧化物的活性。此外，与酵母葡聚糖的识别和效应功能相关的免疫相关基因被上调（Toll 样受体 2、C 型凝集素家族 17 成员 A、集落刺激因子 1 受体 2、巨噬细胞甘露糖受体 1 和白细胞介素-1β）。总之，从酵母 C. benthicum（Cb-βG）物理化学特性表征的葡聚糖 - 是安全的，具有较强的抗氧化能力，可以清除自由基，并刺激斑点叉尾鮰胸腺细胞的免疫参数和免疫相关基因表达。
