Rosa-Medina Eduardo A, Urriola Pedro E, Jang Jae C, Faulk Christopher D, Johnston Lee J, Shurson Gerald C
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2021 Oct 11;5(4):txab201. doi: 10.1093/tas/txab201. eCollection 2021 Oct.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing capsaicin in diets for lactating sows and their offspring on the growth performance and gene expression of pigs postweaning. Twenty-eight multiparous sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets without ( = 14) and with ( = 14) capsaicin (2.5 mg/kg) during a 19-d lactation period. Litters from these sows ( = 288 pigs) were weaned and assigned to 36 blocks (pens) based on maternal dietary treatment and initial body weight (BW) to provide 8 pigs/pen. Blocks were assigned randomly to one of two nursery dietary treatments (control or capsaicin supplemented diets) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to provide nine replications per treatment combination. A three-phase nursery feeding program was used and consisted of feeding phase 1 (weaning to d 7), phase 2 (d 8-21), and phase 3 (d 22-38) diets postweaning, without and with 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 mg capsaicin/kg of diet, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with the effect of nursery dietary treatment nested within sow lactation treatment, the effect of time with repeated measures, and interactions between treatments and wk postweaning. On d 38 postweaning, blood samples were collected from one pig in each pen ( = 36) with BW closest to the pen average for RNA sequencing and gene expression analysis. There were no effects of feeding capsaicin diets to lactating sows and/or their weaned offspring on BW, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake of pigs during the 35-d nursery period. However, pigs weaned from sows fed capsaicin during lactation and continuing to be fed capsaicin diets during the nursery period tended ( = 0.09) to have greater gain:feed (G:F) than pigs fed the other dietary treatments. Furthermore, there was an interaction ( < 0.01) for G:F for dietary treatment and week postweaning, where the magnitude of improvement was greater during the first week postweaning than subsequent wks. There were a limited number of differentially expressed genes among dietary treatment combinations but the greatest number occurred in offspring from sows that were fed capsaicin during lactation. In conclusion, the combination of feeding capsaicin to sows during lactation and to their offspring after weaning appears to improve gain efficiency for the first wk postweaning and may alter gene expression to a greater extent than when capsaicin is supplemented only in the nursery diets.
本研究的目的是确定在泌乳母猪及其后代的日粮中添加辣椒素对断奶后仔猪生长性能和基因表达的影响。28头经产母猪在19天的泌乳期内分别饲喂不含辣椒素（n = 14）和含辣椒素（2.5 mg/kg，n = 14）的玉米-豆粕型日粮。这些母猪的仔猪（共288头）断奶后，根据母体日粮处理和初始体重（BW）分配到36个栏（圈）中，每栏8头猪。栏被随机分配到两种保育日粮处理之一（对照或添加辣椒素的日粮），采用2×2析因处理设计，每个处理组合有9个重复。采用三阶段保育饲喂方案，包括断奶后饲喂第1阶段（断奶至第7天）、第2阶段（第8 - 21天）和第3阶段（第22 - 38天）的日粮，日粮中分别不含辣椒素以及含1.0、1.3和1.6 mg辣椒素/kg。数据采用混合模型进行分析，其中保育日粮处理的效应嵌套在母猪泌乳处理中，时间效应采用重复测量，处理与断奶后周数之间存在交互作用。在断奶后第38天，从每个栏（n = 36）中选取一头体重最接近栏平均体重的猪采集血样，用于RNA测序和基因表达分析。在35天的保育期内，给泌乳母猪和/或其断奶仔猪饲喂辣椒素日粮对仔猪的体重、平均日增重或平均日采食量没有影响。然而，在泌乳期饲喂辣椒素且在保育期继续饲喂辣椒素日粮的母猪所产断奶仔猪的料重比（G:F）有高于其他日粮处理仔猪的趋势（P = 0.09）。此外，日粮处理和断奶后周数对G:F存在交互作用（P < 0.01），断奶后第一周的改善幅度大于后续几周。日粮处理组合之间差异表达基因数量有限，但数量最多的出现在泌乳期饲喂辣椒素的母猪所产后代中。总之，泌乳期给母猪饲喂辣椒素并在断奶后给其后代饲喂辣椒素的组合似乎能提高断奶后第一周的生长效率，并且与仅在保育日粮中添加辣椒素相比，可能在更大程度上改变基因表达。
