Liu Y, Song M, Che T M, Bravo D, Maddox C W, Pettigrew J E
Department of Animal Sciences.
Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Anim Sci. 2014 Aug;92(8):3426-40. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-6496. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
This study was conducted to characterize the effects of feeding 3 plant extracts on gene expression in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n = 32, 6.3 ± 0.2 kg BW, and 21 d old) were housed in individual pens for 9 d and fed 4 different diets: a nursery basal diet as control diet, basal diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg of capsicum oleoresin, garlic botanical, or turmeric oleoresin. Results reported elsewhere showed that the plant extracts reduced diarrhea and increased growth rate of weaning pigs. Total RNA (4 pigs/treatment) was extracted from ileal mucosa of pigs at d 9. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified, labeled, and further hybridized to the microarray. Microarray data were analyzed in R using packages from the Bioconductor project. Differential gene expression was tested by fitting a mixed linear model equivalent to ANOVA using the limma package. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. Three pairwise comparisons were used to compare each plant extract diet with the control diet. Quantitative real time PCR was applied to verify the mRNA expression detected by microarray. Compared with the control diet, feeding capsicum oleoresin altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 490 genes (280 up, 210 down), and feeding garlic botanical altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 64 genes (33 up, 31 down), while feeding turmeric oleoresin altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 327 genes (232 up, 95 down). Compared with the control diet, feeding capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin increased [Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (EASE) < 0.05] the expression of genes related to integrity of membranes and tight junctions, indicating enhanced gut mucosa health, but decreased (EASE < 0.05) the cell cycle pathway. Feeding each of the 3 plant extracts enhanced (EASE < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with immune responses, indicating that feeding these plant extracts may stimulate the immune responses of pigs in the normal conditions. In conclusion, plant extracts regulated the expression of genes in ileal mucosa of pigs, perhaps providing benefits by enhancing the gut mucosa health and stimulating the immune system.
本研究旨在表征饲喂3种植物提取物对断奶仔猪回肠黏膜基因表达的影响。断奶仔猪（n = 32，体重6.3±0.2 kg，21日龄）在个体栏中饲养9天，并饲喂4种不同日粮：一种保育基础日粮作为对照日粮，基础日粮分别添加10 mg/kg辣椒油树脂、大蒜提取物或姜黄提取物。其他地方报道的结果表明，这些植物提取物可减少断奶仔猪腹泻并提高其生长速度。在第9天从猪的回肠黏膜中提取总RNA（每个处理4头猪）。双链cDNA经扩增、标记后进一步与微阵列杂交。微阵列数据在R中使用来自生物导体项目的软件包进行分析。使用limma软件包通过拟合等同于方差分析的混合线性模型来检验差异基因表达。通过DAVID生物信息学资源进行生物信息学分析。采用三次两两比较将每种植物提取物日粮与对照日粮进行比较。应用实时定量PCR验证微阵列检测到的mRNA表达。与对照日粮相比，饲喂辣椒油树脂改变了（P < 0.05）490个基因的表达（280个上调，210个下调），饲喂大蒜提取物改变了（P < 0.05）64个基因的表达（33个上调，31个下调），而饲喂姜黄提取物改变了（P < 0.05）327个基因的表达（232个上调，95个下调）。与对照日粮相比，饲喂辣椒油树脂和姜黄提取物增加了（表达分析系统探索器（EASE）< 0.05）与膜完整性和紧密连接相关基因的表达，表明肠道黏膜健康得到增强，但降低了（EASE < 0.05）细胞周期途径。饲喂3种植物提取物中的每一种均增强了（EASE < 0.05）与免疫反应相关基因的表达，表明在正常条件下饲喂这些植物提取物可能刺激猪的免疫反应。总之，植物提取物调节了猪回肠黏膜中基因的表达，可能通过增强肠道黏膜健康和刺激免疫系统而带来益处。
