Gutiérrez-Chávez Vanesa, Gutiérrez-Chávez Carolina, Feregrino-Pérez Ana A, Gutiérrez-Antonio Claudia, Lomas-Soria Consuelo, Guevara-González Ramón G
Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), Biosystems Engineering Group, School of Engineering Campus Amazcala, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro 76260, Mexico.
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Anim Nutr. 2025 Jun 19;22:483-501. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.014. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Population growth and income increase have promoted a greater consumption of animal-based food. To increase the yield of livestock animals, antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been provided at sub-therapeutic doses in water and feed for production animals. Unfortunately, the misuse of antibiotics has been associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in their ban as animal growth promoters in different countries. In recent years, phytocompounds have emerged as an alternative to substitute the use of antibiotics on livestock. In this context, capsaicinoids and capsinoids from chilli peppers have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting interesting biological activities, such as analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypotensive, anticancer, antidiabetic, and slimming effects. Capsinoids and capsaicinoids of chilli pepper have been mostly studied as alternatives to the treatment of obesity; thus, there are several gaps regarding how these phytocompounds enhance weight gain when used as feed additives in animal nutrition and there is no summary of the plethora of research that has been carried out using in extract or powder, in the diet of different species of farm animals that includes the biological effects, suggested doses, and possible mixtures with other phytocompounds or medicinal plants. Therefore, this review addresses updates on the mechanisms of action of AGPs and capsaicinoids from chilli pepper to improve animal health and promote growth and productivity. Additionally, the biological effects on farm animals after the addition of in the diet are summarized, as well as the effective doses to promote growth in chickens, pigs, and ruminants. Finally, future trends and challenges about the use of AGPs and chilli pepper compounds in livestock nutrition are highlighted.
人口增长和收入增加推动了动物性食品消费的增长。为提高家畜产量，已在生产动物的饮用水和饲料中以亚治疗剂量添加抗生素生长促进剂（AGPs）。不幸的是，抗生素的滥用与抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）相关，导致不同国家禁止将其用作动物生长促进剂。近年来，植物化合物已成为替代家畜使用抗生素的选择。在此背景下，辣椒中的辣椒素类和类辣椒素已在体外和体内进行了评估，展现出有趣的生物活性，如镇痛、抗菌、抗氧化、降血压、抗癌、抗糖尿病和减肥作用。辣椒中的类辣椒素和辣椒素大多作为治疗肥胖症的替代品进行研究；因此，关于这些植物化合物在动物营养中用作饲料添加剂时如何促进体重增加，仍存在一些空白，而且对于使用提取物或粉末形式在不同种类农场动物日粮中进行的大量研究，包括其生物效应、建议剂量以及与其他植物化合物或药用植物的可能混合物，尚无综述。因此，本综述阐述了AGPs和辣椒中辣椒素类改善动物健康、促进生长和提高生产力的作用机制的最新情况。此外，还总结了在日粮中添加后对农场动物的生物学效应，以及促进鸡、猪和反刍动物生长的有效剂量。最后，强调了在牲畜营养中使用AGPs和辣椒化合物的未来趋势和挑战。
