State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2021 Dec;23(6):964-975. doi: 10.1007/s10126-021-10079-8. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most common and serious diseases in shrimp aquaculture. Relevant works have focused on the gut microbiota-disease relationship when serious AHPND occurs. In contrast, little is known about how the gut microbiota responds to pathogen infection over AHPND progression, whereas this knowledge is fundamental to uncover the etiology of AHPND. Here, we explored the temporal succession of shrimp gut microbiota during Vibrio anguillarum (a causal pathogen of AHPND) challenge. The successful infection of V. anguillarum was confirmed by linearly increased abundance of the pathogen in the shrimp gut over AHPND progression. V. anguillarum infection caused an irreversible disruption in the shrimp gut microbiota, of which infection and hours post infection (hpi) respectively constrained 6.2% and 10.2% of variation in the data. Furthermore, the predicted functional pathways involved in immunity and metabolism significantly decreased, while those facilitating infectious diseases significantly enriched in the infected shrimp. Intriguingly, after ruling out the effect of background changes in gut microbiota, we identified 20 infection-discriminatory taxa that could be served as independent variables for accurately (89.4%) diagnosing V. anguillarum infection, even at the early infection stage, i.e., 24 hpi. Using a consensus network, we identified several Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas taxa that directly antagonized V. anguillarum, following the Darwin's niche theory. This is one of the few attempts to identify gut bioindicators for diagnosing pathogen infection. In addition, the antagonistic commensals of V. anguillarum might be the candidate probiotics for preventing AHPND.
急性肝胰腺坏死病 (AHPND) 是虾类养殖中最常见和最严重的疾病之一。相关研究主要集中在严重 AHPND 发生时肠道微生物群与疾病的关系。相比之下，对于 AHPND 进展过程中肠道微生物群如何应对病原体感染，人们知之甚少，而了解这一点是揭示 AHPND 病因的基础。在这里，我们研究了在鳗弧菌（AHPND 的病原体）攻毒过程中虾肠道微生物群的时间演替。通过鳗弧菌在虾肠道中丰度的线性增加，证实了鳗弧菌的成功感染。鳗弧菌感染导致虾肠道微生物群不可逆转的破坏，其中感染和感染后小时 (hpi) 分别约束了数据中 6.2%和 10.2%的变异。此外，参与免疫和代谢的预测功能途径显著减少，而有利于传染病的途径则在感染的虾中显著富集。有趣的是，在排除肠道微生物群背景变化的影响后，我们鉴定出 20 个感染判别分类群，它们可以作为准确（89.4%）诊断鳗弧菌感染的独立变量，甚至在早期感染阶段，即 24 hpi。使用共识网络，我们根据达尔文的生态位理论，确定了几个直接拮抗鳗弧菌的弧菌和假交替单胞菌分类群。这是少数尝试识别用于诊断病原体感染的肠道生物标志物的尝试之一。此外，鳗弧菌的拮抗共生菌可能是预防 AHPND 的候选益生菌。
