State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory On Mariculture Technology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Jun 6;108(1):362. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13213-3.
Intestinal microbiome contains several times of functional genes compared to the host and mediates the generation of multiple metabolic products, and therefore it is called "second genome" for host. Crustaceans rank second among the largest subphylum of aquaculture animals that are considered potentially satisfy global substantial food and nutrition security, among which the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ranks the first in the production. Currently, increasing evidences show that outbreaks of some most devastating diseases in shrimp, including white feces syndrome (WFS) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), are related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Importantly, the intestine microbial composition can be altered by environmental stress, diet, and age. In this review, we overview the progress of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and WFS or ANPHD in shrimp, and how the microbial composition is altered by external factors. Hence, developing suitable microbial micro-ecological prevention and control strategy to maintain intestinal balance may be a feasible solution to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks. Moreover, we highlight that defining the "healthy intestine microbiota" and evaluating the causality of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and diseases following the logic of "Microecological Koch's postulates" should be the key goal in future shrimp intestinal field, which help to guide disease diagnosis and prevent disease outbreaks in shrimp farming. KEY POINTS: • Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is relevant to multiple shrimp diseases. • Microecological Koch's postulates help to evaluate the causality of shrimp diseases.
肠道微生物组包含数倍于宿主的功能基因，并介导多种代谢产物的产生，因此被称为宿主的“第二基因组”。甲壳动物在水产养殖动物的最大亚门中排名第二，被认为有可能满足全球大量的食物和营养安全需求，其中凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的产量排名第一。目前，越来越多的证据表明，虾类中一些最具破坏性疾病的爆发，包括白便综合征（WFS）和急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND），与肠道微生物失调有关。重要的是，肠道微生物组成可以通过环境应激、饮食和年龄而改变。在这篇综述中，我们概述了虾类肠道微生物失调和 WFS 或 ANPHD 的研究进展，以及外部因素如何改变微生物组成。因此，开发合适的微生物微生态预防和控制策略来维持肠道平衡可能是降低疾病爆发风险的可行解决方案。此外，我们强调，定义“健康肠道微生物组”并按照“微生态学科赫假设”的逻辑评估肠道微生物失调与疾病的因果关系，应该是未来虾类肠道领域的关键目标，这有助于指导虾类养殖中的疾病诊断和预防疾病爆发。 关键点： • 肠道微生物失调与多种虾类疾病有关。 • 微生态学科赫假设有助于评估虾类疾病的因果关系。
