Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jan;132:936-956. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.001. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Although negative early life experiences are associated with an increased risk of developing psychopathology, some individuals exposed to childhood adversity demonstrate psychological resilience. Little is known about the neural correlates of resilience, especially in young people. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies of resilience in youth. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were searched; 5,482 studies were identified. Following title/abstract screening, and full reading of the remaining articles, 22 studies based on 19 unique datasets were included. We found preliminary evidence that resilience is associated with structural, functional, and connectivity differences in young people, as assessed using structural and functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging methods. Despite heterogeneity in definitions/assessment of resilience and a limited number of studies, the neuroimaging literature suggests some convergence across modalities regarding brain regions linked to resilience (especially the prefrontal cortex). Future studies would benefit from adopting longitudinal designs, broader conceptualisations of resilience that capture the impact of adversity exposure, and a dimensional approach to psychopathology.
尽管负面的早期生活经历与发展为精神病理学的风险增加有关，但一些经历过童年逆境的人表现出心理弹性。关于弹性的神经相关性知之甚少，尤其是在年轻人中。为了弥补这一空白，我们对年轻人弹性的神经影像学研究进行了系统回顾。检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 数据库；确定了 5482 项研究。经过标题/摘要筛选，以及对其余文章的全文阅读，纳入了 22 项基于 19 个独特数据集的研究。我们发现，初步证据表明，使用结构和功能磁共振成像以及弥散张量成像方法评估的年轻人的弹性与结构、功能和连接差异有关。尽管在弹性的定义/评估方面存在异质性，以及研究数量有限，但神经影像学文献表明，不同模式之间在与弹性相关的大脑区域（尤其是前额叶皮层）存在一些趋同。未来的研究将受益于采用纵向设计、更广泛的弹性概念，以捕捉逆境暴露的影响，以及采用多维方法研究精神病理学。
