Cui Peng, Zhang Jun, Li Ting Ting
School of Landscape, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 20;12:707457. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707457. eCollection 2021.
Nursing homes are the facilities where the elderly conduct their daily activities. This may lead to a complicated acoustic environment which would potentially affect the ability of the elderly to function. In this study, the main indoor public space of a nursing home in Harbin was taken as the research object, and the methods of field observation, sound measurement, and questionnaire survey were used to explore the sound perception and preference of the elderly. The results revealed that in terms of the temporal and spatial distribution of sound pressure level (SPL), the unit living space had the highest SPL, which was above 60 dB (A). The reverberation time (RT) of the unit living space, medical and health care center corridor, was 2.15 and 2.13 s, respectively, at a frequency of 1,000 Hz, which was within the discomfort range. The results also revealed that an acoustic environment had a strong correlation with humidity and a weak correlation with temperature. However, no significant correlation could be assessed with a luminous environment. The elderly people were generally willing to accept the natural sound sources. The factors of gender and offspring numbers had no significant impact on the evaluation of acoustic environment comfort, whereas marriage and income status affected the comfort. This study may help improve the quality of life of the elderly in the nursing home and provide a reference for the construction and design of pension facilities.
养老院是老年人进行日常活动的场所。这可能会导致一个复杂的声学环境，进而可能影响老年人的活动能力。在本研究中，以哈尔滨某养老院的主要室内公共空间为研究对象，采用实地观察、声音测量和问卷调查等方法，探究老年人的声音感知和偏好。结果显示，就声压级（SPL）的时空分布而言，单元居住空间的声压级最高，超过60分贝（A）。在1000赫兹频率下，单元居住空间、医疗卫生中心走廊的混响时间（RT）分别为2.15秒和2.13秒，处于不适范围内。结果还表明，声学环境与湿度有很强的相关性，与温度有较弱的相关性。然而，与光环境无显著相关性。老年人普遍愿意接受自然声源。性别和子女数量因素对声学环境舒适度评价无显著影响，而婚姻和收入状况则影响舒适度。本研究可能有助于提高养老院老年人的生活质量，并为养老设施的建设和设计提供参考。
