Oogai Yuichi, Nakata Masanobu
Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2021 Nov;57:209-216. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.004. Epub 2021 Oct 23.
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) belong to a family of non-coding RNAs, and many of which regulate expression of genes via interaction with mRNA. The recent popularity of high-throughput next generation sequencers have presented abundant sRNA-related data, including sRNAs of several different oral bacterial species. Some sRNA candidates have been validated in terms of their expression and interaction with target mRNAs. Since the oral cavity is an environment constantly exposed to various stimuli, such as fluctuations in temperature and pH, and osmotic pressure, as well as changes in nutrient availability, oral bacteria require rapid control of gene expression for adaptation to such diverse conditions, while regulation via interactions of sRNAs with mRNA provides advantages for rapid adaptation. This review summarizes methods effective for identification and validation of sRNAs, as well as sRNAs identified to be associated with oral bacterial species, including cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, together with their confirmed and putative target genes.
小调节RNA（sRNA）属于非编码RNA家族，其中许多通过与mRNA相互作用来调节基因表达。最近高通量新一代测序仪的普及提供了丰富的与sRNA相关的数据，包括几种不同口腔细菌物种的sRNA。一些sRNA候选物已在其表达以及与靶mRNA的相互作用方面得到验证。由于口腔是一个不断暴露于各种刺激的环境，如温度、pH值和渗透压的波动，以及营养可用性的变化，口腔细菌需要快速控制基因表达以适应这些多样的条件，而通过sRNA与mRNA相互作用进行调节为快速适应提供了优势。本综述总结了有效鉴定和验证sRNA的方法，以及已确定与口腔细菌物种（包括致龋菌和牙周病原体）相关的sRNA，及其已确认和推测的靶基因。
