Prediction of irrigation groundwater quality parameters using ANN, LSTM, and MLR models.

Forecasting the irrigation groundwater parameters helps plan irrigation water and crop, and it is commonly expensive because it needs various parameters, mainly in developing nations. Therefore, the present research's core objective is to create accurate and reliable machine learning models for irrigation parameters. To accomplish this determination, three machine learning (ML) models, viz. long short-term memory (LSTM), multi-linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN), have been trained. It is validated with mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficients (r), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). These machine learning models have been used and applied for predicating the six irrigation water quality parameters such as sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percentage of sodium (%Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH), Permeability Index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR). Therefore, the two scenario performances of ANN, LSTM, and MLR have been developed for each model to predict irrigation water quality parameters. The first and second scenario performance was created based on all and second reduction input variables. The ANN, LSTM, and MLR models have discovered that excluding for ANN and MLR models shows high accuracy in first and second scenario models, respectively. These model's accuracy was checked based on the mean squared error (MSE), correlation coefficients (r), and root mean square error (RMSE) for training and testing processes serially. The RSC values are highly accurate predicated values using ANN and MLR models. As a result, machine learning models may improve irrigation water quality parameters, and such types of results are essential to farmers and crop planning in various irrigation processes.